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LOGGING 
(2) Cutting too far below the fork, thereby wasting mer- 
chantable material. 
(3) Cutting too far above the crotch as shown in Fig. 22. 
The bole should have been cut close up on both sides of the crotch 
and the short section left in the woods. 
It is unprofitable to bring logs with large forks to a mill because 
the yield of lumber from them is not in proportion to the cost 
Fig. 22. — A Forked Tree cut in a Wasteful Manner. 
of production. Forked logs require from two to fifteen times 
longer to get into the mill and to be sawed into lumber than do 
straight logs of the same diameter and length and the yield from 
them is often from 20 to 50 per cent less. A further loss is oc- 
casioned by the reduction of the mill output because of the ad- 
ditional time spent on sawing such logs. 
Improper Trimming Lengths. — Insufficient attention is given 
to the lengths into which logs are cut. They should be a few 
inches longer than the implied log lengths because in bucking 
large logs it may be impracticable for the sawyers to cut exactly 
at right angles to the length and, further, logs often are damaged 
on the ends in skidding and in transit to the mill. This extra 
length is trimmed off in the mill and gives a straight, bright end 
on each board. Three inches are regarded as sufficient for a 
