132 LOGGING 
Horses for logging purposes may be purchased from dealers 
who make a specialty of draft animals, or from farmers in the 
prairie regions. 
Mules. — Mules are used more extensively in the South than 
in any other section. 
The chief points of advantage are : 
(1) They will stand more heat than an ox or a horse and are, 
therefore, better adapted for long or hard hauls during summer 
months or in a hot climate. 
(2) They will stand rougher treatment • and perform more 
labor on poor feed than a horse. 
(3) They are less excitable than horses and, therefore, are 
well suited for use in operations where colored teamsters are 
employed. 
(4) They are more agile than horses on rough ground. 
(5) They eat less than horses and seldom overfeed. 
Mules have not proved a success in the North where low tem- 
peratures prevail during the winter. 
Under favorable conditions there is little difference in the 
amount of work performed daily by mules and horses. 
Mules for logging purposes range in weight from 1100 pounds 
for leaders to 1400 pounds for wheelers. Southern loggers usually 
purchase their mules in the St. Louis and Kansas City markets 
or from farmers in Kansas and nearby states. The best mules 
are raised in Missouri, Kentucky and Kansas. 
RATIONS 
The rations given to animals vary greatly because of the differ- 
ence in the character of feed available and the diversified opin- 
ions of feeders. 
A draft animal at hard work requires a certain amount of 
concentrated food containing protein, carbohydrates and fats 
which is fed in the form of grains, such as corn, oats and barley; 
mill products, including corn meal, ground corn and oats, and 
similar combinations; and the by-products, cottonseed meal 
cottonseed hulls and linseed meal. In addition, animals require 
rough material, such as hay of various kinds, corn fodder, corn 
husks and like feeds to give bulk to the ration. If no rough 
fodder or hay is given, an animal will consume more concentrated 
food than is necessary to keep it in working condition. On the 
