WHEELED VEHICLES 
191 
mud from accumulating on the spokes. The box is constructed 
of rough l)oards nailed to the rims and closely fitted around the 
hub. 
From two to five mules or horses, and from six to ten oxen 
are used for draft purposes, although heavy wagons are some- 
times drawn by traction engines or tractors. 
In some parts of the Inland Empire very heavy wagons are used 
for hauling logs from storage yards or skidways to the logging 
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Fig. 55. — A Four-wheeled Log Wagon unloading at a Skidway along a 
Logging Railroad Spur. The graded right-of-way is being used as a road 
and, therefore, the logs are being decked from the front of the skidway, 
instead of from the rear as is the usual custom. Missouri. 
railroad. Those on an operation in Montana had standard height 
wheels with 6-inch tires, and bunks 6 feet long and 10 feet apart, 
with the outer ends fitted with sway bars for the attachment of 
binding chains. The rear trucks were equipped with heavy hand 
brakes operated by a man who traveled on foot behind the load- 
From 2500 to 4000 board feet were loaded on the wagons by 
gravity from elevated skidways at the terminus of a log slide. 
The road was 1 mile long and mostly downgrade, with some 
pitches of 6 and 8 per cent. Four horses were used for draft 
and each team averaged five round-trips per day between the 
