326 
LOGGING 
to 15 feet long, are placed opposite the frog and serve to hold the 
wheel flanges against the outer rail and thus make the wheel 
flanges on the opposite side of the car follow the proper rail. The 
space between the head of the guard rail and that of the main 
rail is 2 inches. 
Tly Rail 
R a u au n n 
Ground throw 
Switch Standi 
Guard Rail 
n nm n 
a STUB SWITCH 
nnnnnnnn 
henil. ,»! 
b SPLIT SWITCH 
de =Toeof Frog 
ab =Frog Heel 
acb -Frog Angle = dCB 
ch = Length of Frog 
Hie Frog Number "n." = 
Fig. 109. — Two Forms of Turnouts used on Logging Railroads, a, the 
stub switch, h, the split switch, c, a standard frog. 
STEEL LAYING AND REMOVAL 
The work of laying steel and taking it up may be done either 
by hand labor, or by track-laying and lifting machines. The 
work is done both by contract and by day labor, although the 
latter is the more common. ' 
