MOTIVE POWER AND ROLLING STOCK 357 
(3) The average number of cars hauled per train load. 
(4) Manner of loading and handling cars in the woods. When 
loading is concentrated in one or a few places, fewer cars are re- 
quired than where loading is done at various points. 
(5) Manner of handling cars at the destination. If the train 
crew unloads the cars on arrival at destination, the number of 
cars required is less than where the cars are left to be unloaded 
while the engine returns to the woods for another train load. 
(6) The distance that the cars must be hauled. On long 
hauls a maximum number of cars are on the road to or from the 
mill; while on a short haul the number is less because of the 
short time required to make a round trip. The requirements 
for a large operation having an 8- or 10-mile haul cannot be met 
unless the number of log cars available is equal to twice the 
number of loaded cars hauled daily. 
The equipment used by a large white pine logging company 
operating 14 miles of narrow-gauge main line and from 2 to 4 
miles of spurs, and delivering daily from 200,000 to 210,000 
board feet at the mill was as follows : 
154 Skeleton logging cars (24 feet long, bunks 8 feet wide, 10 feet center to 
center), 3000 board feet capacity. 
2 Cabooses (1 for the main line and 1 for the construction train). 
2 Box cars for hauling supplies to camp. 
2 Flat cars for the construction train. 
2 Water tank cars for hauling the camp water supply. 
Thirty-five cars were loaded at skidways each morning and 
each afternoon, making a total of seventy cars daily. The re- 
mainder were on the road or in the repair shop. 
Three locomotives only were used on this road, two for hauling 
and one for road construction work. One of them, a 60-ton 
rod engine, hauled only on the main line, while a 55-ton Shay 
geared locomotive hauled on the spurs and pulled a train for 
7 miles on the main line each morning and night. A 35-ton 
Shay was used exclusively for construction work and for hauling 
water for the camp. 
A logger in the Missouri shortleaf pine region, operating 35 miles 
of standard-gauge main line and from 15 to 20 miles of spurs, used 
the following equipment to handle 125,000 board feet daily (90 
cars). 
