372 LOGGING 
Jack Works. — Where logs are to be raised to a considerable 
height as from a river or a pond a "jack works" is employed. 
This method has been used both in the South and in the North- 
east, when medium-sized logs are handled. A jack works is 
a long narrow platform built at a sufficient height above ground 
to permit the construction of a sloping dock on the side next 
to the loading tracks, the base of which is flush with the car bunks. 
The loading tracks on which the log cars are "spotted" are placed 
parallel to the dock. The length of the platform is governed 
by the number of cars to be loaded and the switching facilities. 
If provision is made for moving cars by gravity and the logs are 
of fairly even length so that any of them will go on a given car, 
the platform need only be long enough to handle the longest logs. 
When logs must be assorted before loading and when many cars 
must be spotted at one time the platform should be of sufficient 
length to accommodate the maximum number. 
A shallow trough runs the entire length of the platform, in 
which an endless chain travels to which log dogs are attached at 
approximately 8-foot intervals. A similar trough and chain 
serves to bring the logs from the water to the platform along 
which they are carried until they are rolled upon the dock below. 
The chains are driven either by a steam or gasoline engine. 
The logs are loaded on cars chiefly by gravity. Skids are placed 
from the docks to the load as the latter is built up, and the top 
logs are rolled upon the load with cant hooks. 
UNLOADING LOG CARS 
The expeditious unloading of log cars is an important factor 
in train operations because it reduces the amount of rolling stock 
required. Softwood logs are generally stored in ponds, streams, 
or on storage skids, but hardwood logs and pulp stock may be 
placed in large piles on land. 
Rollways. — Where water storage is used the track is built 
along the bank of the stream or pond, or else extended over the 
water on piling. In the former case it is necessary to construct 
an inclined rollway over which the logs may be rolled into the 
water. This has a framework composed of three parallel sets 
of stringers, spaced 8 feet apart, which extend along the water's 
edge from 400 to 600 feet. The outer stringer projec|;s over 
