LOADING AND UNLOADING CARS 
373 
the water's ed^e and is supported on piling or on timbers that 
rest on solid bottom, while the other stringers are supported 
on round or square uprights placed from 4 to 6 feet apart. Heavy 
round or square timbers, often shod with railroad iron, are placed 
on top of and at right angles to the stringers, and serve as a 
bed over which the logs are rolled. These timbers are spaced 
from 4 to 6 feet apart on the stringers and have a pitch of from 
15 to 25 degrees. The upper ends are placed level with the 
top of the car bunks. 
When the water is shallow near the rollway, the logs are 
shunted into deep water by sloping skids which extend from the 
lower stringer to the bed of the pond or stream. 
The railroad track is laid parallel with the rollway and close 
enough so that the top of the car bunks will be about 6 inches 
distant. To facilitate unloading, the outer rail is elevated from 
12 to 15 inches thus throwing the side of the car next the rollway 
at a lower level. Many of the logs will roll from the car into the 
pond when the car stakes are removed, the dogs on the car bunks 
lowered, or the binding chains are loosened. The remainder of 
the logs are rolled off the car by means of cant hooks or peavies. 
