398 LOGGING 
LOG CARRIERS 
Loggers operating near the headwaters of streams occasion- 
ally find it desirable to transfer logs from one water course to 
another in order to bring them down the stream on which the 
manufacturing plant is located. 
A log carrier similar to the log haul-up in a sawmill is used 
to elevate the logs to the maximum height desired, and a log 
sluice with a V-box 4 or 5 feet high and 7 or 8 feet across the 
top then carries the logs to the stream on the other watershed. 
Water for the sluiceway is furnished by a series of pumps of 
large capacity. 
An interesting example of a device of this sort was a log carrier 
and sluice constructed in the Nipissing District, Ontario, Canada, 
to divert logs from the headwaters of the Muskoka River to 
those of the Trent River. The logs were first transported up a 
log carrier 300 feet long to a reservoir 80 feet long, 7 feet wide 
and 8 feet deep, located 40 feet above the initial level. A 450- 
horse-power engine furnished power for the jack works at the 
reservoir, and also for a set of centrifugal pumps with a capacity 
of 20,000 gallons per minute which provided water for the reser- 
voir, and for a log sluice which was 3000 feet long and had a 4.5 
per cent grade. The logs as they reached the foot of the sluice 
were transported by a log carrier up a 100-foot rise to a lake f- 
mile distant, where they were placed in a boom and towed to 
the head of the river down which they were driven. The second 
carrier comprised eight sections, each with a massive jack works 
driven by rope transmission from a 400-horse-power horizontal 
water wheel located near the center of the haul-up. Water for 
power purposes was brought in a flume from the terminus of the 
carrier. The conveyor chains were made with 1-inch round 
links and had log seats at intervals of 8 feet. The capacity of 
the carrier was 10,000 logs in twenty-two hours. 
IMPROVEMENT OF THE STREAM BED AND BANKS 
Before a stream can be driven it must be cleared of fallen 
timber, snags and boulders. The fallen timber often is cut into 
short lengths with an ax and allowed to drift downstream, or 
is hauled out on the banks. Snags, rocks and similar obstruc- 
tions are removed with dynamite. This work is dona in the 
summer and early fall when the water is low. 
