FLOATING AND RAFTING 407 
or to points below. The boom (//) is elevated by means of a 
built-up raft (Fig. 145c) to allow logs to pass underneath into 
the storage pocket. 
Rafting Works. — These may be located below assorting gaps, 
at the head of still water on non-navigable streams, or at the 
terminus of a logging railroad, or other form of transport along 
the shore of a lake or at tidewater. The form of the rafting 
works is governed by the character of the stream or body of 
water and by the form of raft constructed. On rivers where 
rafts are limited in width because of the size of the channel, 
they arc made long and narrow and the rafting works, if logs of 
numerous owners are handled, may have many pockets whose 
boundaries are marked by bracket booms with plank runways 
which are held in position by piling. 
On the Great Lakes where logs are towed loose in booms, 
storage areas off-shore are provided in which logs are \\v\d until 
a sufficient number have accumulated. These areas are bounded 
by heavy sheer booms held in place by piling. The rafts are 
made up by surrounding a group of logs with heavy towing 
booms and towing them out of the storage areas. 
Along some of the tidewaters of the Altantic seaboard logs 
are made into bundles and towed to the mills. The rafting 
works here have an unloading wharf which projects into the 
stream, and special devices for holding chains and cables while 
the logs are being bundled.^ 
On the tidewater of Puget Sound, where large numbers of logs 
are rafted to the mills, a rafting works has an unloading dock 
several hundred feet long. This projects into the storage area 
which is enclosed by sheer booms held in place by piles driven 
about 70 feet apart. A rafting pocket 75 feet wide and 800 feet 
long is enclosed in booms and in this the rafts are built in sections. 
Ocean-going rafts are built on or near tidewater in the North- 
west. The usual storage area is provided and in addition, cradles 
or similar structures in which the rafts are built.^ 
THE DRIVE 
The season in which logs are transported by water varies in 
different regions. In the Northeast and the Lake States loggers 
depend primarily on the spring flood waters which are caused by 
^ See page 425. 
2 See page 427. 
