410 LOGGING 
that no matter what portion of the log is above water the brand 
can be readily seen. 
To further aid in log identification the use of a bark mark, 
which is a design cut on the log near one end, is obligatory 
in some states. This may be made either by the sawyers when 
they cut the trees or at the landing. A bark mark is often used 
in connection with a "catch mark" painted on the ends of the 
log. In such cases a brand is not used. The number of brands 
and marks used on a given stream is sometimes great, each logger 
often having several to distinguish logs coming from given streams 
Lvg)yv/v\^H_ my\ sveo 
123'45 6 7 8 9 10 XI 12 
OX il/X Ot i-^/r^^h F ? 
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 25 26 
Vi^tJ-ctTwQiix/v ^a 
Sf7 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 
Fig. 146. — Some Mississippi River Log Marks. 1-10, monograms; 11, 
blaze notch; 12, notch girdle; 13, scalp; 14, cross; 15, notch; 16, dagger; 
17, cross girdle; 18, diamond; 19, twenty; 20, thirty; 21, umbrella; 22, 
saw horse; 23, fork; 24, straight S; 25, flag; 26, pine tree; 27, inverted 
A with scalps; 28, fifty; 29, pot hook; 30, fish hook; 31, bar C; 32, box 
with ears; 33, wild goose; 34, sheep head; 35, crow foot; 36, double dagger; 
37, fifteen; 38, triangle; 39, star girdle; 40, turtle. 
or sections of land. Some loggers use a new set each season in 
order to keep the logs of different years separate. On the upper 
Mississippi river more than 2000 log marks have been registered 
with the Surveyor-general, and over 1600 have been in use during 
a single season. 
The marks and brands represent a great variety of figures 
comprising single letters, monograms of two or three letters, and 
many figures which are often given characteristic names by river 
drivers. 
Log brands have always been extensively used in the Adiron- 
dack region, while in Maine bark marks are common. Both 
forms are used on the Mississippi river and its tributaries, and 
