416 
LOGGING 
The drive on small streams continues until all of the logs have 
left the banking ground. A crew then starts to "pick rear," 
that is, to collect all the stranded logs along the stream and in 
the sloughs and put them into the water so that they will go out 
with the drive. This work is generally done by men who use 
timber grapples and peavies for carrying and dragging the logs. 
Photograph by D. N. Rogers. 
Fig. 148. — A Headworks used to Tow log Rafts across Small Lakes. The 
winch is operated by hand labor. Maine. 
Horses are employed when available and the conditions are suitable 
for their use. 
When the course of the drive is across a lake it is necessary 
to confine the logs in booms and tow them to the outlet. 
A limber boom called a "trap" or "catch" boom is placed at 
the head of the lake around the mouth of the stream and the 
logs are confined in it until a sufficient number are secured, 
when the shore ends of the boom are closed and the raft towed 
across the lake. The mouth of the stream is either closed tem- 
porarily or a second boom placed in position at once. Where 
the distance is short and the amount of timber to be moved is 
limited, it is "kedged" or "warped" by "headworks" of the 
type shown in Fig. 148. This has a capstan, holding from 300 
to 400 feet of rope, which is mounted on a raft, and the latter 
attached to the forward part of the boom. A heavy anchor 
fastened to the free end of the rope is carried forward in a boat 
and dropped in the path of the raft. The capstan is then re- 
