442 LOGGING 
falls upon a waterwheel which drives the rollers when the latter 
are thrown into gear. 
Another type of terminal, known as the "elephant," is shown 
in Fig. 162. The flume forks several times near the terminal 
and forms branches. Logs are diverted into a given branch by 
closing the branches not in use, and the logs are run out to the 
end of the terminal and fall in a rough-and-tumble heap below. 
The type of terminal shown in A, Fig. 163, is often used when 
lumber is dumped on platforms or loading stations. Lumber 
shoots out from the end of the flume and piles up on the platform 
at the base of the terminal. When one side becomes filled the 
shunt board is turned and the lumber diverted to the opposite 
side. 
A form of terminal similar to B, Fig. 163, may be used for 
crossties and heavy timber. The timbers are removed by hand 
from the rollers and piled on the unloading platform or on trucks. 
LOCATION 
The practice followed in flume location will depend upon the 
data available to the engineer previous to starting the work. 
If a topographic map of the region is available, possible routes 
usually can be determined from it. When such a map is not in 
the possession of the locator a reconnaissance survey is necessary 
in order that a sketch map may be prepared showing the im- 
portant topographic features, especially with reference to differen- 
tial elevations, and to acquire a knowledge of any special field 
problems which may influence location. 
A preliminary survey is made to enable the engineer to make a 
choice of one of the several possible routes. This work may be 
done satisfactorily with a transit using the needle for direction 
and taking stadia readings for distance and elevation. A topog- 
rapher should accompany the party and make a sketch map of 
the territory for 100 feet or more on each side of the proposed 
line. The records made by the engineer should include, in 
addition to the instrumental data, complete notes on stream cross- 
ings, flume feeders, private holdings crossed and any other data 
that may have a bearing on the final construction of the flume. 
A map of the route, and a profile of the survey is prepared, follow- 
ing the completion of the preliminary survey. 
The final survey must be made with accuracy, stakes being 
