540 INDEX 
Felling and log-making, one-man hours required for, 54. 
season of, 98, 99. 
Felling timber, bonus for, 47. 
breakage in, 101. 
crews, 100, 102, 103, 104. 
cutting areas, 104. 
direction of fall, 100. 
kerosene, use of, 97. 
kilhig or sampson, use of, 93, 93*. 
methods, 26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36. 
notching, 105, 105*. 
power machines for, 90. 
Fills and cuts, ratio of slope for, 294. 
width of, 295. 
Fin boom, 400, 401*. 
Fir, Douglas, buoyancy of, 413. 
cross-cut saws for cutting, 86, 86*. 
logging, one-man hours required for, 54. 
log lengths, 110. 
lumber cut, 1920, 8. 
stand, per acre, 8. 
regional, 7. 
United States, 7. 
silver, resistance of wood to cross-cut sawing, 86. 
Firs, true, saw timber, stand, regional, 7. 
^. , , United States, 7. 
Fish plates, 324, 324*. 
Flat cars, logging, 353. 
Floating camps, 71. 
Floating logs, 30, 32, 33, 34, 37, 383. 
Floods, loss of logs from, 385. 
Flumes, 433. 
advantages of, 433. 
backbone, for 433. 
box, 436. 
capacity, 434, 436, 445, 450, 452. 
construction of, 445, 452. 
curves for, 444, 444*. 
disadvantages, 433. 
grades for, 445, 451. 
location of, 442. 
material required to construct, 447, 448. 
Northeast, 30. 
Northwest, 35. 
operation of, 447, 451. 
terminals, 441, 441*, 443* 
trestles for, 438, 439*, 440* 
V-bo.x, 434, 435*, 437*. 
Force, tractive, locomotives, 346. 
Fore-and-aft roads, 268, 268*. 
Forest area. United States, 3. 
Forest labor, 41. 
Forest regions. United States, 3. 
Forked trees, waste in log-making, 113 114* 
Frog, railroad, 325, 326*. 
Fuel, power logging, coal, 250. 
locomotive, 349. 
oil, 250. 
wood, 250. 
Fuse, blasting, electric, 309. 
safetv, 308. 
