DISEASES OF BLOOD AND BONE MARROW 95 
spiroptera, two had long standing tuberculosis and two 
had osteomalacia. The notes of the other three are not 
sufficient to warrant deductions. 
Herodiones showed eight cases of anemia, five herons, 
one bittern and two storks. Parasites are noted in only 
three examples, herons, and it is noteworthy that these 
all had flukes in the proventricle or intestine; one also 
had ascarids in the proventricle. Two of this order suf- 
fered with long standing inflammation following bone 
injuries. Perhaps the outstanding features of this order 
are the erythrocytic picture and the condition of the 
spleen. The red blood cells seem very fragile or soft, for 
one often encounters in their fresh or stained preparation 
vacuoles or rifts in the protoplasm surrounding the 
nucleus. At first we thought these were hemosporidia, 
but repeated attempts at their coloration and the absence 
of pigment granules seem to warrant an assumption that 
they are artefacts. In five of the seven instances there is 
very definite evidence of present or past activity of the 
spleen. We have not always considered it sufficiently 
prominent to call it a splenitis, but follicular activity is 
commonly discoverable, and two cases of definite fibrosis 
are recorded. The sun bittern {Eurypyga helias) showed 
a chronic interstitial nephritis in the atrophic stage. No 
other of the wading birds showed secondary anemia. 
There are seven cases among the pigeons (Columbae) 
where anemic tissues attracted our attention. Three were 
associated with osteomalacia, in one of which the marrow 
picture was that of an aplastic form being everywhere 
pale and flabby without cells under the microscope ; it is 
further interesting in this case that there was a distinct 
but ineffectual attempt at bony regeneration by the peri- 
osteum. In another case, this time brought to death by an 
enteritis and cloudy swelling of the viscera, the marrow 
was hyperplastic and red, there being activity in the basic 
staining areas of the head and in the shafts. (Notes of 
the third case scanty.) None of the seven cases seems to 
