96 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
have been associated with animal parasitism; one had 
tuberculosis. The other cases are obscure and not 
definitely connected A^dth other pathology. 
Ten more cases of anemia were scattered among seven 
orders. There is nothing striking or even individual 
about them worthy of special mention. 
Summary of Secondaey Anemia. 
A review of our records shows that among 5365 
animal autopsies we have recorded anemia of probable 
secondary character in 122 instances, 53 (2.8 per cent.) 
mammals and 69 (1.9 per cent.) birds. The orders repre- 
sented, with the percentage for the order, are Primates, 
25 or 5 per cent. ; Carnivora, 18 or 3.7 per cent. ; Ungulata, 
3 or .8 per cent.; Marsupialia, 4 or 2.2 per cent.; 
Eodentia, 3 or 1.5 per cent. ; Passeres, 37 or 2.7 per cent. ; 
Psittaci, 9 or 1.3 per cent. ; Herodiones, 8 or 8. per cent. ; 
Columba?, 7 or 4.7 per cent. ; Picariae, 2 or 2.3 per cent. ; 
Striges, Galli, GaviaB and Accipitres, each one case. A 
consideration of their associated pathology reveals the 
fact that four changes are prominently associated with 
secondary anemia, to wit : gastrointestinal inflammation, 
26 times (15 mammals and 11 birds) ; parasitism, 29 times 
(7 mammals and 22 birds) ; osteomalacia, 24 times (18 
mammals and 6 birds), and nephritis, 18 times (12 mam- 
mals and 6 birds) ; a few of these cases overlap, but this is 
rather the exception than the rule, and this does not 
militate against the importance of the connection mth 
anemia. It will be noted that practically all the impor- 
tant orders of animals are represented, including specie^ 
from all over the globe. There is, however, no especial 
relation of anemia to the kind of diet or digestive tract. 
Conclusions as to the meaning of these figures of 
incidence are hardly justifiable. In so far as the blood 
picture is concerned we can only record the qualitative 
appearance and the effect upon tissues. It cannot be 
stated that to external observation a secondary anemia 
