112 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
case seems to be a myeloma because of the involvement of 
many bones and the infiltrates in the liver. Judging by 
the cross section of blood vessels there is no leucemia, but 
of course this is not final, although somewhat supported 
by the normal size of the spleen and lymph nodes; 
lymphatic structures need not be enlarged in myeloid 
leucemia although thej^ usually are. 
Beeehy's Gopher {Citellus grammurus beecheyi). Adult 6, 
Gradual loss of power in limbs beginning about two weeks ago. No 
other symptoms. 
Diagnosis. — Multiple myeloma. Anemia. Acute parenchymatous 
nephritis. Chronic ulcerative gastritis. 
External Appearance. — General condition fair, hair in good 
condition. Fully developed animal. Muscles contained no fat. 
Respiratory Tract. — Thymus, large soft gray homogeneous. Both 
lungs are distended, pale, homogeneous, yellow pink, boggy, do not 
crepitate, but contain no edema. Lymph nodes, small soft anthracotie. 
Pericardium contained no fluid. 
Abdomen. — No adhesions. Size of liver nonnal or slightly small, 
ifirm and pale brown-red. Architecture irregular showing areas of 
perfect homogeneity and others where lobules are clear outlined by 
paler interstices. Gall-bladder distended, contains brown fluid. Com- 
mon bile duct, patulous. Spleen, nonnal or slightly small, consistency 
soft, capsule smooth, location normal ; section surface, homogeneous 
pale pulp, faint trabeculae. Kidney normal in size and shape, capsule 
smooth, strips easily, smooth brown surface; section surface glistening, 
opaque; consistency firm; thickness of cortex nonnal and of medulla 
normal ; homogeneous cortex, glomeruli not visible. 
Adrenal. — Narrow, brown, opaque cortex; pale brown, opaque 
medulla. Bladder, small quantity of cloudy urine showing albumin, 
bile and many granular casts, few hyaline casts. Teeth carious broken ; 
mouth pale. Stomach distended; serosa and wall pale, contained gas; 
mucosa pale, flat, translucent except in pyloric segment where it is 
slightly thickened, irregular, opaque and there are several saucer shaped 
depressions covered ^vith black, shiny material ; these seem like sluggish 
ulcers. Intestinal tract throughout seems normal save for its pallor. 
Few natural fecal masses in lower gut. 
Skeleton and Muscles. — All bones are irregular in thickness, very 
brittle and show in their length irregular swellings made up of perios- 
teal growth and probably increase in marrow. The latter is pale yellow 
with punctate hemorrhages. Skeleton seems too soft to give support, 
but there is little deformity. 
Microscopy. — Bone section shows a myelomatous growth of costal 
marrow, new myelocytes predominating. The cells are packed in dis- 
orderly fashion through the marrow. They are chiefly lightly granular 
