136 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
manunals than in birds as 4 is to 3. These figures are 
perhaps too small for conclusions but it would seem that 
rhinitis occurs more often in birds with their small sinuses 
and channels wliile sinusitis and general infection occur 
more often in mammals wdth their large sinuses and exten- 
sive turbinate apparatus. The most conspicuous orders 
represented are, in line of numbers Anseres 12, Psittaci 
7, Accipitres 5, Carnivora 3. Nine of the twelve water- 
fowl were part of an epizootic which will be discussed 
under specific diseases. 
Bacteriologically the mammalian cases that have been 
worked out were due to Streptococcus pyogenes in several 
instances, including the generalized cases, and to a 
mixture of streptococci, golden staphylococci and mem- 
bers of the colon-aerogenes group. In one case in a 
tapir a member of the B. septicus group was found. 
Moulds were discovered in three avian cases and filaria in 
one. No pentastomum or oestrus has been discovered. In 
thirteen instances the lungs have been involved, appar- 
ently secondary to the nasopharyngeal disease. 
There have been two small outbreaks of an acute non- 
specific infection — that is not suggestive of cholera, psit- 
tacosis or infectious enteritis — among the parrots in 
which during a short time 4 and 6 parrots died with naso- 
pharyngosinusitis as the prominent lesion. One outbreak 
was studied bacteriologically without definite result. 
There was no uniform internal pathology unless, in one 
outbreak, congestion of the cerebellum may be mentioned. 
Fowl diphtheria and its. associated condition from which 
a satisfactory separation has not been accomplished, 
epithelioma contagiosum, has happily given us little con- 
cern, so that it is not possible to record any instructive 
facts upon its cause or differential diagnosis. There was 
recorded in the 1911 Report of the Society the occurrence 
of two fatal cases in cassowaries from which it was pos- 
sible to isolate the B. columbarum and one bird with the 
same clinical appearances whose recovery seemed to be 
