THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 137 
due to tlie use of human diphtheria antitoxin. In light of 
more information and consideration of the accepted varia- 
bility of this disease, it is possible that tliis bird may have 
recovered without the injections or with the use of normal 
serum. Nowadays it is possible to obtain antiroup serum 
wliich is stated by Blair of New York to be efficacious. 
The disease has been observed in a wild turkey and an 
Abyssinian Ground Hornbill, beside the two struthious 
birds mentioned above. 
Mycosis. 
Mycotic disease of the nasopharynx seldom restricts 
itself to this cavity, usually extending by continuity to the 
esophag-us, or by inspiration to the lungs whence it 
spreads to the air sacs. This condition of the upper 
passages has occurred here only in Psittaci and Accipitres 
although it is reported by veterinarians as occurring in 
Anseres and Strutliiones. In the first order four birds 
were affected, two showing extension to the esophagTis 
and a like number having pulmonary and serous mem- 
brane involvement'. These cases were all due to asper- 
gillus whereas those next to be mentioned were caused 
by an oidium close to the " albicans " variety. In four 
Mississippi kites the prominent changes were found in the 
pharynx and esophagus down as far as the proventricle 
with only a few rather trifling lesions in the nasal area. 
Infiltrative and necrotizing processes characterized the 
action of the oidium while that exerted by the aspergillus 
was more superficial and extensive. In one case of a 
parrot the whole nasal cavity was completely filled with a 
yellow gray exudate whereas the esophageal wall of the 
kites was thorouglily infiltrated by a gray brown, friable, 
necrotic mass. Attempts at treatment were made in the 
case of the latter, using potassium chlorate and saline 
solution on cotton swabs. The result was entirely nega- 
tive and the applications seemed to have no effect upon the 
course of the infection. 
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