138 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
There are on our records in addition to the above, 
several cases of necrotizing processes about the head 
seeming to emanate from wounds to the mucosa by 
foreign bodies, by decomposition of pieces of food in 
cre^dces or by damage by masses too large to be swal- 
lowed. In the few instances where we have tried bacteri- 
ology, no definite result has been obtained unless the 
frequent occurrence of organisms bearing a resemblance 
to Bact. necrophorus be important. This organism how- 
ever may be found in many necrotic processes in animals ; 
I do not look upon it as specific in the locations just cited. 
Mammals as a class do not present many inflammatory 
conditions around the anterior head, aside from the 
specific diseases like distemper (?), actinomycosis, Kan- 
garoo disease and the like. Monkeys occasionally have 
acute coryza, which may indeed seem transmissible to 
others but it seldom leads to any serious consequences 
and is untreated, except by segregation. Tuberculous 
lesions are not recorded. There has been no glossitis aside 
from lesions involving the pharynx. The tonsils have been 
discussed under the lymphatic apparatus and it only need 
be repeated here that inflammation and hypertrophy of 
these organs are exceedingly rare. Specific or indi\ddual 
diseases of the salivary glands are also rare although 
these organs may be involved by extension. This gen- 
eral region is not often affected with tumor, unless the 
jaw be included wliich bone is the seat of several 
tumors in antelopes and opossums. Aside from these 
we have seen an epithelioma of the tongue in a black bear 
(Ursus americanus) . 
Larynx. 
The larynx is an organ of fairly uniform construction 
through the mammalian orders but is conspicuously dif- 
ferent in the Aves where it is double. The upper end of 
the trachea in the latter class is surmounted by a cartilag- 
inous box lying beneath the root of the tongue through 
