140 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
was had at postmortem but perhaps some would have 
been detected had every larynx been subjected to micro- 
scopic section. A citron-crested cockatoo was found 
when posted to have general miliary tuberculosis. The 
bright red rim of the glottis attracted attention and upon 
slitting open the organ, pinhead size, sharply outlined 
yellow tubercles were found on both sides. A black and 
white lemur was killed because of a positive tuberculin 
test. He was in good condition and exhibited as his only 
lesions retropharyngeal lymph nodes with precaseous 
miliary nodules and small miliary tubercles on the epi- 
glottis, true and false vocal chords and in the mucosa of 
the main ventricle, each lesion being surrounded by a 
narrow sharply injected zone. This seems like a recent 
double implantation since the retropharyngeal glands 
probably do not drain toward or from the larjmx. The 
larynx has been the seat of only one tumor, a squamous 
cell cancer in an Azara's agouti. The tumor caused 
ulceration and edema of the whole mucosa, sufficient to 
produce fatal asphyxia. 
The trachea is of relatively little comparative or 
pathological interest aside from its inflammations which 
however are so closely associated with bronchitis that 
they w\\\ be included under that heading. Perhaps the 
most important condition of this tube is its infestation 
with Syngamus trachealis since this leads to inflam- 
mations not only of the related mucosa but predisposes to 
pulmonary infection. The occurrence in the Galli is well 
known but perhaps it is not so well recogiiized that this 
worm occurs also in crows (Passeres) and swans and 
geese (Anseres). For the diagnosis of this condition it is 
customarily stated that a frothy mucus in the mouth is 
very suggestive; this is true in the cases seen here but 
in addition a mucopurulent stomatitis is exceedingly 
common and when the two are combined the picture is 
almost confirmatory. Although worms are credited with 
considerable weight in the production of pneumonia in 
