162 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
Tumors. 
Tumors of the lung are moderately common, both of 
primary and secondary origin. Thus we have seen three 
primary and six metastatic growths in mammals and one 
of each kind in birds. The primaries were : carcinomata 
in a civet {Viverra tangalunga), a bandicoot {Thylacomys 
lagotis), a kangaroo {Macropus rufus), and a lorikeet 
{Gloss opsittacus concinnus). The secondaries were : car- 
cinomata in a black bear [Ursiis americanus), a polar bear 
{Ursus maritimus), a lion (Fells leo), and a dasyure 
{Dasyurus maculatus) ; sarcomata in a prairie wolf 
(Canis latrans), and a raccoon-like dog {Canis pro- 
cyonoides) ; adenocarcinoma in a chestnut-eared finch 
{Amadina castanotis). 
The histological character of the primary cancers 
w^ould place them in group of the nodular and infiltrative 
types of Kauffman. They all seem to have taken their 
origin from the smaller bronchi, the usual starting point. 
The gro^\'ihs were small in the civet and bandicoot and 
strongly suggest that the tumors arose in bronchi occu- 
pied by parasites ; such bodies could not be demonstrated. 
It is the usual thing to find in cases of parasitism of the 
bronchi that if there be no ulcerative destruction of tissue 
the epithelium undergoes some form of hyperplasia, and 
even structural metaplasia in, the air tubes supplied with 
cuboidal or cylindrical cells. Epithelia many layers deep 
have been encountered, usually arranged in orderly 
fashion but frequently " papillomatoid," suggesting the 
epidermal layers yet not so far as to show protoplasmic 
bridges. Distention of various degrees, affected by the 
contents of the tube and the surrounding inflammation, 
are common. Such a picture naturally resembles epi- 
thelioma and indeed growths of this nature are reported 
as due to verminous pneumonitis. 
There are, especially in cats and dogs, small scattered 
adenomatoid gro^vths(2) under the pleura and in the 
(2) Ball, Jour. Vet., 1907. 
