170 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
slight swelling of the rather pale yellow submucosa and mucosa, but 
the tips of the villi are injected. Intestine contains only a little slimy 
mucus. Large intestine contains a mass of constipated feces. The 
esophageal dilatation seems to have been congenital although it is barely 
possible that the fibrosing pneumonitis and pleuritis may have aided 
and caused it by traction. It has been doubtless the cause of the ani- 
mal's inanition. 
Black Bear 6 {Ursus americanus). Saeculate dilatation of esophagus 
with chronic esophagitis. Chronic hypertrophic gastritis. Chronic lym- 
phadenitis. Fatty degeneration of liver. Acute catarrhal enteritis. Had 
been vomiting more or less, nearly every day for two months and 
did not eat for six days before death. Mouth, pharynx and esophagus 
are full of macerated, unrecognizable food. Pharnyx seems normal. 
Larynx is yellow, mucosa rough and slightly thickened in places espe- 
cially just above the vocal chords. No excess of mucus. Esophagus 
in neck is dilated. Mucosa is rough, irregular yellow-brown. This 
dilatation proceeds doAvnward so that at thoracic opening tube is twice 
normal size. Upon entering thorax this dilatation turns to right and 
in irregular saccular form extends to diaphragm compressing heart and 
lungs to left. The main course of it then recrosses the midline, aorta 
being slightly twisted as it regains position in front of vertebrae. The 
wall is irregularly thickened from pseudomembranous patches and 
some hypertrophy of mucous and submucous layers. Muscle and serous 
coats are considerably thinned. The sac is full of macerated food and 
gas. The right lung is compressed small resilient red-gray. No ad- 
hesions in either pleura. On section the lung tissue is found to be 
slightly edematous, red gray, compact and while not atelectatic yet 
crepitates much less than normal. Left lung is the seat of passive con- 
gestion in lower lobe and lower half of upper lobe. The upper half of 
lobe is compressed and subcrepitant like the right lung. Lymph glands of 
neck and thorax are much enlarged firm with large irregular, clear out- 
lined follicles and brown firm homogeneous pulp. The aorta shows 
slight roughening, the intima being smooth and homogeneous. 
Lion 6 {Felis leo). Ten and one-half months old. Cystic paren- 
chymatous goitre, dilatation of esophagus, ulcerative enteritis. Acute 
glomerular nephritis. Chronic hyperplasia of spleen. Fatty infiltration 
of liver. Bronchopneumonia (from pressure of goitre). Ascaris in in- 
testines. Had lump on neck for several weeks, ate very little and 
seemed to have hard work to get anything down. Stopped eating to- 
ward the last and vomited water and foam. There is a small ulcer Avith 
everted lips just below left incisor on lower lip which the keeper says 
is of several months' duration. The thyroid is much enlarged and forms 
a large mass in the upper chest and extends far up in the neck. Because 
of this mass the lungs are pushed far down in the chest. Heart also 
lies very low. The thyroids are enormously enlarged and cystic, the 
right measuring 13 x 8.5 x 5 cm. and the left 19 x 9 x 5 cm. The lungs 
