THE STREPTOTHRICOSES 585 
glossitis and pharyngitis. Cloudy swelling of kidney. The face seems 
a little full and the subcutaneous tissues slightly edematous. The naso- 
pharynx contains a thick tenacious mucopus. Ethmoid and frontal 
sinuses and turbinate spaces contain a thick purulent matter, the mucosa 
being densely injected, swollen and velvety. Pharyngeal wall and right 
half of posterior half of tongue are involved in a dull brown and necro- 
tizing pi'ocess, quite sharply outlined by zone of congestion. This 
process is comparable to the necrotizing gingivitis seen in front of jaw 
in kangaroos. Larynx, trachea and lungs seem uninvolved save for 
slight generalized congestion. Cervical lymph nodes especially those 
about the larynx are definitely enlarged, soft, moist and brown. Medias- 
tinal nodes slightly enlarged, soft and pink. The heart is negative. 
Liver normal. Spleen is soft, homogeneous dull red. The capsule of 
the kidney is smooth, strips easily leaving a purple surface. The 
glistening section surface swells slightly, vasa recta are congested, stris 
wide and pale, glomeruli not visible ; consistency is resilient. The mouth 
and teeth are not involved in the process mentioned above. There is 
a small quantity of properly digesting food in the stomach. Stomach 
and intestines negative. Brain not involved. No extension from anterior 
cranial sinusitis. Smears from the mucopus confirm the gross appear- 
ance and contain short chains of streptococci and large diploeocci. 
Smear from cut surface of tongue shows innumerable small bacUli and 
diploeocci but especially mycelia with rather heavy clubbed ends but 
without true branching. One group was found arranged like ray fun- 
gus. It is noteworthy that there is no aspiration pneumonia and very 
slight evidences of septicemia. 
Biology of N. maceopodidaeum. 
The original discovery of the streptothrical forms was 
made in stained smears from necrotizing lesions. They 
were considered as secondary invaders until repeated 
observations of a similar character aroused the suspicion 
that they stood in some important relationship to the 
lesion. Early attempts at their cultivation were made 
under anaerobic precautions, a method now known to be 
almost certainly doomed to failure because a strain long 
under cultivation requires two to three weeks to make an 
appreciable growth in the absence of air. Finally in 1911 
a successful cultivation occurred by searing the surface of 
an unopened mass in a freshly dead animal and planting 
bits of the interior upon aerobic blood serum plates. 
Colonies grew after three or four days and from them the 
first strain was started. It grew for several generations, 
38 
