MISCELLANEOUS INFECTIONS 597 
of infection with the bipolar organisms of the Pasteurella 
group, believed responsible for the hemorrhagic septice- 
mias; instances of the occurrence of the group specified 
secondly — anthrax and the like — are also reported. This 
represents fairly well our own experience. 
The bacteria variously named Bac. avisepticus, ovisep- 
ticiis, hovisepticus, canisepticus, etc., grouped by Ligniere 
under the name Pasteurella, are doubtless of considerable 
importance and are probably quite widespread in natural 
surroundings. The viruses of the epizootic conditions 
like cattle plague and influenza are apparently more 
definitely parasitic, requiring for their persistence ever 
renewed transfer from host to host. The former infec- 
tions we have met in repeated single isolated cases and 
in small groups, whereas no cases of the specific epizootics 
have been diagnosed. 
Hemorrhagic septicemia, a denomination very descrip- 
tive of its pathological picture, has been encountered in 
many varieties, carnivores, ungulates, primates, rodents, 
and birds. The diagnosis depends upon the presence of 
hemorrhages with edema, degenerations of the parenchy- 
matous organs, more or less respiratory catarrh to which 
may be added relatively mild gastrointestinal inflamma- 
tion ; the bacteria are found in the circulating blood and 
in exudates. A description of these organisms is not 
profitable, they being well kno\^^l in veterinary pathology. 
"What is more important, significant and supportive of 
the opinion expressed above concerning the mdespread 
distribution of the virus, is the incidence of the infection. 
Exclusive of the condition known as fowl cholera, it has 
appeared among mammals and birds as single cases with 
one exception — that of two Barbary apes which had been 
in separate cages side by side. The total of cases with 
determined bacteriology is eleven, with undecided bacte- 
riology but suggestive pathology nine additional. No per- 
tinent history in common can be found in the records 
of the determined cases, except perhaps that they were 
