THE ALIMENTARY TRACT 205 
ative processes are definitely more common in such 
organs than in the first type or true gizzard. 
Enteeitis. 
Enteritis of all orders is most outspoken in the duo- 
denal loop, but a determination of the lesion must be 
made with some care. All the signs of intestinal inflamma- 
tion — congestion, swelling and opacity, excess mucus or 
mucopurulent covering — must be present to justify a 
gross diagnosis of enteritis and even when these exist one 
fails at times to confirm the finding by microscopical sec- 
tion. These changes may be simulated by digestive 
activity so that it is but reasonable to demand them all in 
a clear cut fashion before applying the term enteritis. 
However, it is well known that cases in both human and 
veterinary medicine giving a satisfactory clinical picture 
of this disease may fail to show to the naked eye and 
under magnification the changes expected. 
In the hmnan being, the carnivore and the ruminant, 
the ileum presents the most definite picture of enteritis. 
In the bird, the duodenum shows the prominent lesions, 
and with the exception of specific diseases like blackhead, 
is always involved when the smaller coil of small intestine 
is affected. This is true whether the enteritis be non- 
specific or be associated with cholera of chickens, ducks 
or parrots. 
The colon presents peculiar lesions in but few birds. 
Ulcerative and necrotizing processes have been encoun- 
tered in three orders, Psittaci, Anseres and Herodiones, 
suggestively like the specific forms seen in the ceca. 
Microscopy and one unsuccessful culture failed to reveal 
a mould or protozoon. The condition appears as a gray 
white plaque in the cloacal wall or it may spread up to the 
colon and around the urethral orifices. At times it is 
superficial upon the mucosa and may be covered by 
a pseudomembrane. 
