208 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
AVe have also isolated Bad. psittacosis on two occasions. 
Separation of the birds and cleansing of the exhibition 
spaces seemed to stop the disease. The lesions are 
hemorrhagic and superficially necrotizing in this group 
whether or not they are septicemic. Some have also 
sho^\Ti a follicular appearance both grossly and minutely, 
one of which cases was associated mth Bad. psittacosis. 
The effect of animal parasites is chiefly exerted, for 
this group, in the proventricle where the Spiroptera 
incerta occupies the lumen and penetrates the mucosa or 
burrows under the inner lining of the gizzard. Enteritis 
is not especially associated mth this infestation, death 
resulting more from inanition than infection; some few 
cases have had enteritis, others pulmonary disease. 
Columbae are not susceptible to disease in the parts 
under consideration. This order seems to have some 
tissue resistance, for their lesions are quite frankly 
catarrhal, more so than in most grain-eating birds. 
The figures set against the Galli are swollen by the 
number of cases of enterohepatitis of one sort or 
another. Extracting these from the total leaves the order 
among the lowest. Their lesions are congestive and 
hemorrhagic, although they may show catarrhal cases. 
They seem to be able to summon mucus more readily than 
many other birds. 
Anserine birds, though not very high in figures, pre- 
sent three conditions worthy of note. In the first place, 
acute simple gastritis occurs often, sometimes associated 
mth foul green food, sometimes without any apparent 
cause. From the number of times that foreign bodies are 
present it seems probable that they contribute in some 
way. Excessive stones and sand, bits of glass, collar 
buttons and the like are sometimes found. Then the form 
of acute enteritis has always a hemorrhagic tendency, at 
least in the submucosa, while the mucosa may be swollen, 
opaque and covered with mucus. Upon histological study 
these intestines show intense swelling by cellular infil- 
