THE ALIMENTARY TRACT 215 
appearance of a strangulated intestine although no invo- 
lution or twisting remained. This was looked upon as 
a volvulus which had untwisted a few hours before death. 
Intussusception was seen only once in the Ungulata, 
a tapir (Tapirus terrestris) with chronic enteritis. Here 
the ileum had passed into the colon for a distance of nine 
inches, it being much swollen and congested but not 
gangrenous. Its condition warranted the idea that the 
process was antemortem but a peritonitis had not arisen, 
death having occurred from the slight extra shock in an 
animal suffering with chronic malnutrition. Volvuhis 
was encountered three times, two deer and a zebra. The 
last was the animal already described that carried such a 
heavy load of sand in the gut tract, a factor in the produc- 
tion of the twist probably although this might have been 
aided by a fibromyoma of the colonic wall. The location 
of the volvulus in this order was twice in the dilated 
descending colon, the third in the jejunal area. This last 
was a twdst which resembled an internal strangiilation 
because of the intricate knot-like windings of the 
small bowel. 
The marsupials present two interesting cases. A rock 
kangaroo (Petrogale pencillata) had chronic gastric 
ulcerations with local peritoneal adhesions which appar- 
ently obstructed nearby coils of intestine so that they 
became inflated and twisted over. An opossum had a vol- 
vulus of the stomach which performed one and a half 
turns from left to right ; its protocol follows. 
Common Opossum 6 (Didelphys virginiana) . Ileus. One and one- 
half complete volvulus turns of stomach on duodenum. General condi- 
tion fairly good. Abdomen quite prominent, a condition found to be due 
to great dilatation of the stomach which occupied the whole anterior 
part of the abdominal cavity. The organ is blue and the vessels stand 
out. Postmortem changes are occurring everywhere favored by the 
obstruction to the circulation. The dilated stomach has undergone a 
volvulus upon the third part of the duodenum making one and a half 
turns. The spleen lies upon the right side well below the liver; it is 
swollen, soft and deep purple. The duodenum in its upper half takes 
part in the dilatation and beginning gangrene. The pedicle of the 
