THE LIVER 235 
the animal's life and death and the associated pathology 
is not instructive in etiology. One old deer with the 
definite portal type had ascites and intestinal hyperemia 
which hastened his end. 
The type of cirrhosis in the marsupial is progressively 
inflammatory and of the biliary variety. In two of the 
three cases there was active infection somewhere in the 
body, one a long continued streptothricosis, the other and 
more important a choledochitis with involvement of the 
pancreatic head. The third case showed a nephritis and 
a pericholedochitis and pericholecystitis. In all three 
there was definite evidence of biliary obstruction within 
the liver and in the occurrence of general jaundice. 
Monkeys have presented one portal, two biliary, and 
one perilobular cirrhoses. The London Garden reports a 
cirrhosis with gall stones in a Chimpanzee. The case of 
the Barbary Ape is so good that it is quoted in brief. 
Barbary Ape 6 {Macacus innuus)-. Found dead. Never known to 
be sick. On exhibition nine years. Acute dilatation of stomach. Acute 
gastritis. Portal cirrhosis of liver. Acute parenchymatous nephritis. 
Chronic passive congestion of lungs. Chronic splenitis and perisplenitis. 
Ascites. Mild passive congestion of abdominal circulation. On open- 
ing the abdomen a dilated stomach occupies most of the anterior part, 
disjDlacing the intestines downward and backward. The upper lobes 
of both lungs are uniformly deep red, soft, collapsed, subcrepitant. Sub- 
clavian vessels — veins distended with red clot, arteries with small amount 
of chicken fat clot. The heart is dilated on the right side, filled with 
currant jelly clot. The liver is small, surface hobnailed, edges rough, 
consistency tough, color brown. Section surface glistening, moist, 
granular and opaque, mottled by irregular brown areas separated by 
paler brown intercommunicating bands. Gall-bladder is small, contains 
viscid yellow bile and duct is patulous. Areolar tissue about the bile 
ducts is thick and opaque, the duct wall itself is thick and yellow. Gall- 
bladder tightly attached to capsule of liver. Spleen is slightly enlarged, 
soft and tough. Capsule is smooth, opaque and thickened on gastric 
surface. The trabeculae are prominent, pulp mottled gray-red, few 
recent hemorrhages. Capsule of the kidneys is smooth, strips easily 
leaving a smooth brown surface with dilated vessels. Organ is soft. 
Section surface is glistening, striae wide and indistinct, glomeruli faintly 
visible. Microscopic section of liver shows high grade of fibrosis 
almost entirely confined to portal areas with a marked increase in bile 
ducts although no place is found where these bile ducts are running 
