242 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
Tumors of an atypical, therefore malignant, epithelial 
variety were found four times, in an Alpaca (Lama pacos) 
and three parrakeets ; these birds are very prone to have 
all kinds of tumors. The records of the first animal could 
not be as satisfactory as might be desired because of an 
advanced state of decomposition but there was a car- 
cinoma-like gro^\i:h of the gall-bladder area and a large 
hard alveolated tumor occupying one-half of the liver. 
The colon had been involved by the former, with perfora- 
tion. Two of the parrakeets showed a simple carcinoma 
with, well developed fibrous tissue bands nmning in all 
directions through the large mass. The whole growth 
was comparable to the usual picture of these massive 
tumors when they are primary in the liver. All these 
three cancers seem to take their origin in the liver cells 
but the third had such an interesting involvement of the 
connective tissue that its minute anatomy will be given; 
it was denominated adenocarcinoma sarcomatodes. 
Undulated Grass Parrakeet 6 (Melopsittaciis nndulatus). Section 
of liver shows organic capsule normal. Nothing remains of the original 
structure by which it might be recognized, suggestion in places of 
granular cells resembling liver cells being only occasional occurrences 
and in small numbers. Where liver cells do occur they are highly 
granular in various degrees of atrophy and show various grades of 
nuclear retrogression. Greatest part of section consists of dense, white 
fibrous tissue in which lymphocytes are rather diffusely placed together 
■with large numbers of epithelium-lined spaces. These spaces are often 
elongated after manner of imperfect duets but are of irregular form, 
have single layer of low cuboidal epithelium and richly staining nuclei. 
Upon search certain acini are found to have especially hyperchromatic 
nuclei and penetration of basement membrane. In such localities col- 
lections of epithelial cells are to be seen in plug form in lymphatics 
and acini of imperfect development of lumen are found. In addition 
to these epithelial lesions connective tissue ones are seen, occurring 
generally in restricted localities. The interstitial framework is seen to 
consist of closely placed spindle cells, some of which are especially 
elongated after manner of imperfect ducts but are of irregular form, 
directed in a definite, purposeful manner, but interlace in the whorling 
manner noted in fibromas. Nuclei are, however, entirely too chromatic 
for a connective tissue tumor. Whenever a vessel occurs in these re- 
gions its lining endothelium is always swollen and nuclei in its wall 
