THE PANCREAS 257 
had lymph gland hyperplasia in the pancreatic region, 
and seven had acute enteritis. The preponderance of 
acute over the chronic cases in mammals and the nearly 
equal number in birds is, however, apparent. 
The collateral pathology with the most definite rela- 
tionship to pancreatitis is enteritis and one may say that 
the former occurs in proportion to the incidence of the 
latter. Acute forms, twenty-seven, were associated with 
acute enteritis nineteen times. Chronic enteritis was 
found with chronic pancreatitis in six of eleven cases. 
There is a rough relationship between the type of 
pancreas and the nature of the lesions. The organ may 
be divided for this purpose into the compact organ firmly 
held in place by attachments to the lesser omentum, 
spleen and duodenmn, and the velamentous organ which 
spreads a considerable distance along the duodenum and 
sends out digitations into the mesentery and thin 
processes toward the spleen. The first type is seen in 
primates and carnivores and birds, while the second 
is characteristic of rodents, ungulates and marsupials. 
The compact variety showed all but one of the chronic 
cases while the loose organ was affected by the acute pan- 
creatitis in twelve of thirteen cases. 
The microanatomy of the cases may throw a little 
light upon our subject. T was able to see the duct in one 
case of acute pancreatitis (bear). It showed a simple 
catarrhal inflammation with a very moderate circumfer- 
ential round cell increase. The destruction of glandular 
areas by edema, hemorrhage and necrosis offers nothing 
of importance except in a few birds. In these the necrosis 
is more definite about cross sections of ducts, and the 
islands of Langerhans are frequently spared until 
necrosis is locally complete. In a case of chronic pancre- 
atitis in a bird, a cross section of pancreatic duct was 
found in the intestinal wall ; a chronic catarrhal and infil- 
trative enteritis existed in this specimen. A very definite 
mantle of round cells was found about the duct while the 
