THE URINARY TRACT . 271 
Hemoerhages. 
Hemorrhages into the kidney are found in acute infec- 
tions and certain diseases like leucemia; they are of little 
moment. Perirenal hemorrhage is a somewhat striking 
and unusual affair. Recently I saw at a human autopsy 
of a young subject a subcapsular hemorrhage from the 
renal substance probably due to vascular rupture in an 
acute nephritis ; there was no history of injury. There 
have been three cases of subcapsular hemorrhage in our 
records and as two of them represented the immediate 
cause of death, are interesting enough to record. An 
armadillo suffered an acute diffuse nephritis with much 
congestion but not enough to call it hemorrhagic. There 
was a large hemorrhage around the left organ, probably 
from a vessel near the hilum, sufficient to compress the 
kidney and cause it to atrophy. A lion presented an 
acute vegetative endocarditis with all its usual compli- 
cations. The right renal capsule was distended with 
recent clot to a size which reached to the pehac brim. 
Presumably an embolism caused thrombosis, ulceration 
and rupture of some middle size vessel. A dormouse suf- 
fering with an acute general infection probably emanat- 
ing from the intestine, had several small recent clots 
separating the kidney from its capsule. 
Nephritis. 
Nephritis, whether one begin its conception with the 
clinicopathological picture originally given by Bright, 
with the purely pathological classification of Weigert and 
Virchow or the modern tendency to subordinate all physi- 
cal changes to clinical phenomena, is nevertheless a 
process of degeneration and inflammation affecting the 
secreting and supporting structures of the kidney and 
leading to some degree of impaired function. The disease 
is bilateral in so nearly every case that for practical 
purposes unilateral cases may be ignored. Tliis implies 
that for some reason the renal tissues are generally sus- 
