THE URINARY TRACT 275 
on a previous page, to the length of the alimentary tract, 
or to the expected longevity. 
Toxic nephritis is a term applied when the kidney is 
the seat of epithelial degeneration, much congestion, per- 
haps leading to tiny hemorrhages, and definite swelling of 
the tuft without exudation intoi the capsular space. It is 
a severe grade of the degenerations already mentioned 
and is exemplified by the organ in cases of acute duode- 
nitis of ungulates and in some monkeys dying after 
tuberculin injection. It seems especially to follow gastro- 
intestinal diseases believed to be due to food intoxications. 
It seems important in monkeys and wild rodents. No 
adequate explanation is at hand for the latter. 
As has already been stated vascular disease was 
present in twenty-six cases in a manner suggesting some 
relation to the cardiorenal complex but the only organ to 
which the term renal sclerosis of arteriosclerotic origin 
could be applied is that of an eagle ; the autopsy is cited. 
Bald Eagle (Halieeetus leucocephalus) . 9 General obliterating en- 
doarteritis. Chronic interstitial nephritis. Passive congestion of liver. 
Chronic localized myocarditis. Near the apex of the heart the muscle 
shows a slight opacity. The kidney is enlarged, firm, section surface 
glistening. Both section and surface show a mottled brown and white 
appearance, following particularly on section the division into cortices 
and medullsB. Digestive system apparently normal. Microscopic sec- 
tion of heart muscle from the wall of the ventricle shows well preserved 
muscle fibres with a slightly unusual degree of pigmentation. Section 
from valve base shows a definite interfascicular and intraf ascicular fibro- 
sis which is co-extensive with a similar thickening of the endo- and 
pericardium. The new tissue under the latter is edematous. The valve 
itself is thickened the fibres swollen and hyaline. There is no reduplica- 
tion of the endothelium. One artery in the muscle is obliterated. This 
is not associated with any degeneration of the muscle in the section. 
Section of kidney shows the pale areas noted grossly to be made up 
of groups of arteries with their extensive coalescing adventitise. The 
changes in the arteries are precisely the same as those seen in the liver 
but are more extensive. Connective tissue goes out from the arteries 
into the parenchyma distorting the tubules and enclosing the glomeruli 
so that the capsule of the latter is much thickened. Epithelium is 
granular, in some places absent, nearly always low. Section of liver 
shows general parenchyma practically normal with slight granularity 
in places and moderate passive congestion. Veins are negative but 
