278 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
streptothricosis septicemia, the latter with distemper; 
one was a fox whose pelvic and renal lesion seemed 
entirely primary for no apparent focus was detected ; two 
were birds with acute general infection. These cases seem 
therefore to be instances of primary pyelitis. The follow- 
ing group includes cases with, inflammation low in the 
urinary tract. A fox had a cystitis, urethritis and colitis, 
a distinct edema and congestion being found in the pelvis 
around the rectum. Two opossums had cystitis, one due 
to a traumatic urethritis, the other secondary to a pros- 
tatitis of undetermined causation. A raccoon had a 
chronic cystitis \vith swelling and edema of the first parts 
of ureter. A parrakeet showed ureteritis, pyelitis and 
nephritis from simple cloacitis. 
Where obstruction was more definite the following 
cases were observed. Suppurative nephritis succeeded 
upon gangrenous cystitis after uterine prolapse in 
a deer. The following cases of pyelitis and nephri- 
tis were associated with calculus, only in the 
renal pelvis — an armadillo, Tasmanian devil, a 
deer and a goose. A cockatoo had a stone in the 
cloaca which seemed to cause a definite obstruction to 
both ureters and a catarrhal inflammation of the wall. 
Pyelitis and interstitial nephritis can also follow exces- 
sive urate collections in birds. At a later time this will be 
discussed more fully, but at this place two cases of dis- 
tinct abscess formation in a renal lobule based upon 
urate collections may be mentioned since in a measure 
the lesions were dependent upon obstruction. 
It is therefore evident that all the theories of the 
causation of pyeUtis with resultant nephritis seem accept- 
able. It has been claimed that bacteria may be found in 
the blood stream before evidences of pyelitis present 
themselves. Concerning this our records offer no infor- 
mation, but it is worthy of note that five of twenty-one 
instances gave a picture of septicemia. It is, however, 
fair to state that, while mild cases of pyelitis occurred 
