THE URINARY TRACT 283 
"antler" character and distort the pyramid. All the 
animals showing these stones have but a single pyramid 
in the kidney. The fifth example in the ungulate had 
early stones forming in the apex of the pyramid and not 
yet discharged into the pelvis. Four of these cases 
showed stones on both sides, one only in the left kidney. 
The case among the Edentata concerned an Armadillo 
{Tatu novemcinctus), in the kidney of which there were 
definite smooth, round, hard pebbles in the right pyramid 
and several fine grains in the pelvis. There was a recent 
hemorrhage in the pelvis which, from local appearances 
and autopsy survey, was due to the lithiasis. 
A Gannet {Sula bassana) represents the only avian 
true calculus. In this case many small, hard, yellow 
stones occupied the right pelves, which contained also 
loose urates. The lobules were much distorted and 
showed a mild interstitial change. This accumulation 
was confined to the left side. These well developed cases 
having been mentioned the next most important may 
be quoted : 
Tasmanian Devil {Sarcophilus ur sinus). Inactive and rather on the 
decline for several months. Chronic diffuse nephritis with acute inter- 
stitial exacerbation. Calculi in kidney pelvis. The kidney size is 
normal, shape irregular, capsule smooth, strips easily leaving a rough 
mottled green-brown surface. Consistency is soft, tough, resilient. Cor- 
tex slightly wide, medulla normal. On removal of capsule the surface 
is found very irregular and elevations from the surface are pale red- 
gray-green color. These elevations do not correspond with any change 
in cortex on section. Section is smooth, solid, markings not clear but 
glomeruli are distincter than strias. Line between cortex and medulla 
obscure. The left kidney contains sand-like calculi, possibly uratic, 
as there are some pale areas near point of pyramid which are firmer 
than rest of tissue and rather gritty. Microscopic section of kidney 
shows the architecture much disturbed by connective tissue overgrowth 
in outer layers of medulla and inner layers of cortex and following the 
medullary rays to the capsule. Tubules are compressed and distorted 
in the vicinity mentioned. Epithelium is elsewhere low, opaque and 
granular. The connective tissue about the glomeruli is thickened and 
hyaline as it is in most other places. Tufts are not yet compressed. 
Following medullary rays there is a recent round and polynuclear in- 
filtrate both around and in tubules. 
