286 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
same enclosure, the possibility of a parasitic cause will 
not be forgotten. 
The remaining seven renal neoplasms are made up of 
two adenomata in a Jungle Babbler, {Crater opus ca/iio- 
rus) and a red-headed duck (FuUigula ferina americana), 
two adenocarcinomata in a saffron finch 9 {Sycalis 
flaveola), and a chestnut-eared finch, 6 {Amadina casta- 
notis), two liypernephromata in an American robin, 9 
(Planesticus migratorius) and a European blackbird, 9 
(Menila wend a), and a spindle-celled sarcoma on a scaly 
ground dove 9 {Scardapella squamosa). One adeno- 
carcinoma sent out metastases to the lung, one hyper- 
nephroma had secondary growths in the lungs, the other 
in the liver. The sarcoma case presented a metastasis 
in the tibia. 
Diseases of the lower parts of the urinary tract are 
not numerous and of incidental interest only; many are 
associated -wdth or due to lesions in the genital organs, and 
will be referred to later. Cystitis is uncommon, only 
being observed some four times unrelated to prostatitis 
and vesiculitis. Two of these cases were secondary to a 
traumatic urethritis. No stones have been seen. A mixed 
cell sarcoma was found springing from the bladder wall in 
a Richardson's Kangaroo Rat (Perodipus ricliardsoni). 
The written record has unfortunately been lost, but the 
preserved slide confirms the original diagnosis. Rupture 
of the bladder occurred in a Gray Fox mth stenosis of the 
end of the penile urethra causing retention and secondary 
cystitis. Another stricture of the urethra in an Ocelot 
(Fells cliihigonazon) caused great dilatation of the blad- 
der. This animal is thought to have chewed off all the 
external genitaha because of lice, \\dth the result that the 
stump of the urethra became involved in a contracting 
cicatrix. Opossums, raccoons and wild dogs have shoAvn 
light cases of urethritis seemingly traumatic in origin, 
and two dogs had cystitis and urethritis associated mth 
what was believed to be distemper. 
