THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS 295 
was congested and edematous and its walls very thin. The cornu was 
twisted one half full turn from right to left, so that the pregnant por- 
tion overlaid the uterine body anteriorly. The torsion produced a com- 
pression of the vessels on the right side to the point of violent 
congestion of the cornu. There was no apparent rupture of the uterine 
walls, death having occurred from exhaustion. The fetus and its mem- 
branes were normal. 
Many forms of abnormalities in position are recog- 
nized for domesticated animals, but since we know so 
little of the early stage in the wild specimens no data 
can be given. , 
Complicated labor in lower varieties of animals will 
follow lines similar to those for man and domesticated 
animals. Plemorrhage from trauma is not common at 
term, but several cases of abortion following injury have 
been seen. Postpartum hemorrhage might be expected 
in the higher apes which have a large discoid placenta 
similar to the human form, but when the placenta is 
more loosely attached and is . subdivided as in lower 
forms, such bleeding is of no danger ; when a cotyledon 
is torn from the ungulate uterine wall, a free hemorrhage 
sometimes occurs. 
Geoffroy's Marmoset {Leontocehus geoffroyi) . Puerperal relaxation 
of the uterus with fatal hemorrhage. The uterus is 4 cm. long, 15 mm. 
wide at intertubal line. Uterine wall averages 2 mm. in thickness. Perito- 
neal surface is smooth, glistening and intact. Uterine musculature is soft 
and relaxed. Entire organ is intensely congested and on section uterine 
cavity contains a large firm blood clot completely filling it. Mucosa 
is of deep purple color, shows many fragments of decidua and is the 
seat of profuse hemorrhage. 
Placenta previa is very rare. A row of cotyledons 
may form near the internal os, therefore like a placenta 
previa, but it appears to be of no consequence. Pre- 
mature separation of the placenta is knowm to 
veterinarians, and is exemplified by the following case 
in our records : 
Black Lemur {Lemur macaco) was found dead in its cage. Upon 
autopsy the uterus contained a small fetus with one leg and the tail 
