300 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
Perissodactjdic animals throughout this suborder 
have similar pelves except in so far as the obliquity is 
concerned. In the rhinoceros it is 90° with the spinal 
column, in the horse 135° ; the angle of the true conju- 
gate is 10° in the former, 50° in the latter. The lateral 
halves of the box are heavy and parallel ; the symphysis 
is short in the rhinoceros, large in the horse ; the outlet 
is ovoid. Artiodactyla, including pachyderms and rumi- 
nants, show a variety of shapes and constructions. 
Hippopotami have a short massive box tilted at about 
150° from the spine, with widely flaring ilia and ischia; 
the pubes are slender but not combined in a strong sym- 
physis. In ruminants the sacrum consists of four fused 
units ; the sacroiliac joint is fairly movable ; the obliquity 
is about 145°; ilia are long and slender and flaring; the 
ischia are broad and parallel with the ilia; pubes are 
slender but form a symphysis about two-fifths the total 
pelvic length ; the inf rapelvic angle is wide ; the outlet of 
the pelvis is almost rectangular. 
The general characteristics of the carnivorous pelvis 
may be summarized as consisting of a long strong 
symphysis, parallel lateral pelvic walls, a great sacro- 
symphyseal angle, and a marked separation of the bodies 
of the ischia. The sacroiliac joint is in general mod- 
erately movable. 
The pelvis of lemurs is narrow, attached lightly to 
the slender sacrum, tilted at an angle of 140° and is 
possessed of a short weak symphysis ; it resembles the 
structure in bats. In macaques the box is long, the 
sacrum wdde, ^vith a short iliac synostosis, the ilia long, 
narrow and curved out sharply, the ischia are continuous 
with the ilia and widely separated; the symphysis is 
short, about one-sixth the pelvic length; the angle of 
the superior strait is about 60° ; the outlet is oval, the 
transverse diameter being short. The chimpanzee pelvis 
is made up of a wedge-shaped sacrum composed of three 
vertebrae, wide, flaring, concave ilia, stout well separated 
