THE DUCTLESS GLANDS 331 
five months from acute dilatation of the heart, and with a 
decidedly atrophic thyroid gland, A lion showed a dis- 
torted gland, the result of chronic inflammation, a 
condition also present in a leopard, in the latter possibly 
in association with a general infection of the heart, ves- 
sels and kidneys of long standing. A case in a bear can 
only be explained on the basis of chronic intestinal 
toxemia. A camel is the only other variety of animal to 
show this regressive change. The beast suffered with a 
marked anemia with marrow atrophy and hydatid 
disease ; calcification was found in the thyroid. 
As has been repeatedly stated, myxedema has not been 
seen, but hypothyroidism has expressed itself in these 
animals as cretinism. The most interesting pathological 
fact concerning the relation of the thyroid to this mal- 
development is that there is absolutely no uniform gross 
or microscopical change constantly present in the typical 
cases. This will become more evident as the following 
records of our cases are perused. In 1914 an apparently 
normal Gray Wolf bitch threw two normal young ones 
which died of lack of maternal care ; they were not posted. 
The father of this litter died shortly and was found to 
have a sarcomatous hyperplasia of the thyroid. A year 
after the first lot a second litter was born of an appar- 
ently perfect father which still lives. This animal was 
purchased in the same lot with the mother, and the two 
could be related. The first father was not related to the 
female. This litter consisted of seven, two dying almost 
at once and burned, the other five not being especially 
good specimens. They died at ages ranging from two to 
five months and were all cretins or cretinoid. Two showed 
hemorrhagic pachymeningitis, one external, one internal, 
and the usual bulky skeleton of cretinism (Fig. 34). 
The bones were constructed in a rather orderly and some- 
what graceful manner, the uncalcified epiphyses being 
only occasionally distorted. The same two animals, 
mated again in 1916, had as offspring seven pups. One 
