346 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
given seclusion and quietude, possesses great ability to 
heal its broken bones. Pathological fractures are 
occasionally seen. (Consult notes on cretin wolves.) 
Before entering upon a discussion of the most impor- 
tant of osseous lesions, rickets and osteomalacia, certain 
inflammatory states may be appropriately described. 
Inflammations. 
H^T^ertrophic osteoperiosteitis : A male lion {Felis 
leo) at the Garden three years died, after being out of 
condition for a long time, from chronic ulcerative pul- 
monary tuberculosis with terminal pneumonia, nephritis 
and enteritis. Both hind feet had been observed as 
enlarged and apparently painful for some weeks before 
death. Upon dissection the bones of both hind feet are 
the seat of extensive hypertrophy, and the periosseous 
fibrous tissues are thickened. A large mass about the size 
of a small orange lies attached to the outer side of each 
ankle. The hypertrophic periosteitis extends up the 
tibia a distance of about three inches and the fibula for 
about the same distance. These two bones are adherent 
to each other for about li/o inches. The joint between 
them and the tarsal bones is apparently perfectly free. 
The calcaneum is the bone most severely involved ; on this 
is a large rounded mass which extends on the bone for a 
distance of about 21/9 inches. The small bones of the foot 
are more or less severely involved but are not bound 
together, the joints being practically free. The terminal 
and next phalanges are entirely free from disease while 
the metatarsals are severely involved and grown together 
into one large mass. On section this appears as a mass of 
spongy bone lying on top of the cortex. In the dried 
specimen this looks very hke old purnice stone. Histo- 
logical section shows the periosteum raised from the bone 
by mononuclear infiltration. The bone marrow spaces are 
filled by a very delicate gelatinous material. The lamellaB 
are thickened. A photograph of the foot wdth a normal 
