364 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
This Reddish Woolly Monkey died August 20, 1920, 
and was immediately posted. There was marked thicken- 
ing of the frontal, occipital and parietal bones, upper and 
lower jaws. The increase in the size of the alveolar 
margins prevented the closing of the mouth; only the last 
four teeth could be brought into apposition. The enlarge- 
ment of the mandibles reduced the capacity of the mouth 
cavity. The skull while decidedly thickened did not en- 
large at the expense of the cranial cavity. There was a 
cervical and dorsal kyphosis. The chest was increased 
anteroposteriorly and contracted laterally. The long 
bones were thick, bulky and deformed. (Fig. 46.) 
A Black Spider Monkey {Ateles ater) showed a gen- 
eral hjTDcrplasia of the whole shaft of the long bones. She 
was much deformed by curvatures and swellings of the 
skeleton — head enlarged, face deformed by the swelling of 
the upper and lower alveolar processes, jaws do not close 
and the palatal bones were flattened, skull irregularly 
thickened, elastic but not soft, slight subperiosteal growth. 
Thickening of the long bones was largely due to subperios- 
teal growth; section of the ulna showed a subperiosteal 
osseoid layer surrounding the old shaft. This tissue 
seemed to be very poor in lime salts, cutting without any 
grit. Marrow cavity was filled with a fairly firm, deep 
red marrow which did not bleed on section. The third 
monkey, a Brown cebus (Cebus fatuellus) showed exactly 
the same general picture but was less severely affected 
than the other two. 
** The more minute study of the bones of these 
monkeys shows a variety of pictures while preserving one 
general form. The skull was smooth, mottled by irreg- 
ularly placed areas of congestion; it was asymmetrically 
thickened; differentiation between cortex and diploe, 
internal and external tables was lost; calcareous matter 
was absorbed and the resultant bone was soft elastic and 
porous ; lacunae enlarged and lined with bone corpuscles 
and giant cells. Other areas show more dense bone, the 
