THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 377 
tions, have been accompanied by other lesions offering a 
ready etiological explanation. These cases are however 
not very instructive except perhaps three in monkeys 
where the meningitis seemed to be secondary to gastro- 
enterocolitis. In one case a colon bacillus was apparently 
responsible, in a second no bacteriology was undertaken 
and a third was too rotten for the results to be dependable. 
A focus of infection aside from the intestinal area could 
not be found. The only noteworthy finding was the 
scantiness of the cerebrospinal fluid and the almost 
exclusive subpial exudate; these facts would seem to 
strengthen the thought that the virus came through the 
blood stream. Another case was due to extension, through 
the temporal bone to the lateral sinus, of a necrotizing 
process beginning in the buccal muscles or parotid gland ; 
the necrosis bacillus and a host of Gram-positive cocci 
were found. A Canadian porcupine suffered mth a 
mucopurulent nasopharyngitis which involved the deep 
sinuses, the middle ear and the temporal bone; smears 
from the pus over the corresponding cerebral hemisphere 
and from the nasal pus showed pneumococcus forms ; the 
lungs were not affected. The llama which showed the 
intracapsular fracture of the femur (page 344) had also 
hemorrhage into a fibrinous exudate in the mastoid cells 
\vith deep opaque congestion and edema of the pia above 
the petrous portion of the temporal bone. Decomposition 
precluded satisfactory bacteriology but it is suggested 
that probably injury in falling started a hemorrhage in 
the ear upon which a secondary infection was implanted. 
Wliat seems a true meningitis secondary to otitis media 
and mastoid suppuration was seen in a marmoset. 
A case of the well known but obscure condition known 
as chronic productive pachymeningitis was observed in 
a badger. Although it cannot be explained it is cited as 
a matter of record and interest. 
American Badger (Taxidea taxus). Pachymeningitis externa. The 
dura is fast to the skull and cannot be removed. Scattered irregularly 
25 
