378 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
over the entire inner surface of the skull are pale pinhead sized hard 
nodules. It is impossible to tell if they are in the dura or the bone. 
The brain shows engorged vessels but is otherwise negative. 
Two instances of hemorrhagic pachymeningitis as- 
sociated with cretinism were seen in wolf cubs. The f ol- 
loudng notes illustrate both cases. 
American Gray Wolf {Cants mexicanus) . Cretinism. Hemorrhagic 
external pachymeningitis with craniotabes. Upon removing the calva- 
rium a marked craniotabes of the under surface is found and with 
it a deep red and purple staining of outside of dura and inner table 
of skull. These changes are most marked along the longitudinal sinus 
at internal occipital protuberance and along left parietal region. Dura 
on left side is distinctly congested. This is also true of pia. The 
brain and its base seem normal. 
Cyst of the brain. A sooty mangabey {Cercocebus 
fuliginosus) had been in the Garden for about four 
months and was apparently an adult normal animal. It 
died rather suddenly after a distinct con\Tilsion with semi- 
consciousness. At autopsy in addition to a nephritis, a 
large cyst was found to occupy the posterior third of the 
left hemisphere. Its walls were composed of a thin( one- 
sixteenth inch) rim of cerebral substance and the 
meninges; its contents were clear. The notes do not 
record any examination for parasites. This monkey 
showed no localizing signs. 
Tuberculosis. 
Gross tuberculous lesions have been found in the brain 
in several specimens wdth generalized disease but only 
two cases are of special interest. A Rhesus macaque 
(Macacus rhesus) suffering with, generalized but chiefly 
lymphatic tuberculosis, showed a large plaque on the 
external surface of the dura over the vertex where it was 
adherent to a yellow, fairly firm nodule about ten mm. 
across. This nodule was deeply imbedded in the brain 
substance, barely projecting above the surface, generally 
spherical and not encapsulated. There was no peripheral 
reactive zone. The meninges were not altered anywhere 
except as above. The blood vessels were not especially 
