502 DISEASE IN WILD MAMMALS AND BIRDS 
Proboscidea. Eber mentions in the article already 
referred to that there are three reports in the literature of 
tuberculosis in elephants. AVhen looking for an explana- 
tion of tuberculosis in this animal it must be remembered 
that it is one of the most attractive objects in a zoological 
garden and receives perhaps more attention, including 
feeding, from visitors than any other specimen. The beast 
while possessing some tissue resistance to tuberculosis, 
is by no means immune thereto, as has been thought by 
some persons on account of its reputed longevity, and 
therefore he is to be protected from infection just as 
much as other animals. It would appear that he may 
present caseous pneumonia or nodular caseous dissemi- 
nated lesions. Our two cases, in animals at the Garden 
twenty and thirty-eight years respectively, were both of 
the fibrocaseous variety; the lesion was confined to the 
lungs. A brief description of their lesions is as follows : 
Indian Elephant (Elephas indiciis) 6 . Chronic polyarthritis. 
Chronic myocarditis. Chronic hepatitis (cirrhosis). Parenchymatous 
nephritis. Chronic tuberculosis of the lungs, partly encapsulated. Pig- 
mentation of the spleen. The pleurje are very fat but the surfaces are 
smooth and devoid of adhesions. The lymph nodes of the mediastinum 
are about 10 x 20 cm. for the largest while the smaller ones vary around 
2x4 cm. They are firm, deep red-brown without clear divisions into 
medulla and follicular cortex. There are several large, firm, pale rather 
cheesy follicles in all the large ones and a few of the small. These do 
not appear like tuberculosis. The lungs are flaccid and soft; gray 
and red mottled. The bronchi are firm and stand open. Around one 
in the upper lobe of the right lung, there is a large area of cheesy 
degeneration around which a zone of connective tissue has formed. 
This extends about the bronchus about half^vay in a sheath-like man- 
ner. There is also a separate nodule the size of a cheiTy with a cheesy 
centre. The trachea appears normal. Tubercle bacilli could be demon- 
strated in the cheesy material. Microscopic section of lung around the 
cheesy area shows a low-grade chronic granulation tissue in some places 
enclosing cheesy masses with giant cells on the margin. The neighbor- 
ing septa are slightly thickened and in some places broken, forming 
emphysematous cavities. Some of these cavities are edematous. 
Indian Elephant {Elephas indicus) 9. Miliary and conglomerate 
caseous tuberculosis of lung. Edema of lungs. Endarteritis deformans 
of lung. Cloudy swelling of liver. Chronic passive congestion of liver. 
