A BOTANICAL CHART; OR, CONCISE INTRODUCTION TO THE LINNiEAN SYSTEM OF BOTANY. 
BY JAMES RATTRAY, SURGEON, AND LECTURER ON BOTANY, GLASGOW. 
BOTANY is that science which teaches us to distinguish one Plant from another; and consists in associating together, 
into classes, or groups, such plants as possess certain permanent characters in common, and in separating and dis¬ 
tinguishing those that are dissimilar in character and appearance, by fixed rules correctly drawn from Nature; thereby en¬ 
abling us to discover the properties anduses7>f the multifarious and variously organized bodies in the Vegetable Kingdom. 
The purpose of this Tabular Scheme, besides giving the Nomenclature of Botany, is to guide the Student, in the clearest 
and concisest manner, to an intimate acquaintance with the Anatomy of a Plant, the functions of its particular parts, 
and the elucidation of the most accurate and elegant mode of arrangement ever offered to the world by the genius of 
man; which system, or mode of arrangement, is founded upon characters drawn from the figure, situation, number, pro 
portion, and connection of the various parts of a Plant. 
When a Plant is taken up for examination, it is an object to obtain several flowers—some of them fully expanded, some 
just opening, others whose seed-vessels may be nearly ripe, and, if possible, one entire specimen of the Plant. Deter¬ 
mine first whether the flower is male, female, or hermaphrodite; then, from the number, insertion, proportionate 
lengths, and connection of the Stamens, the Class to which the Plant belongs (by looking at the characters of the Classes 
in the Key annexed) will be easily found out; and, by counting the number of the Pistils, observing whether the seeds are 
naked or covered, and noticing the shape of the seed-vessel, &c. the Order will be readily ascertained. The characters 
of distinction of the Genera and Species are described under their heads in the following columns. 
In Dr Smith's Flora Britannica, at the beginning of every Class there is a Synopsis of all the Genera belonging to that 
Class, digested according to their Orders, and again divided or grouped into sections by certain affinities or obvious 
characters; and to his excellent Compendium we would refer the student for the best generic and specific descriptions 
of our British Plants. These divisions and subdivisions, by lessening the labour, greatly facilitate the study of Botany, 
and will soon enable the Student to “ Find tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, 
Sermons in stones, and good in every thing.” 
The two first columns of the following Chart enumerate the various parts of a Plant, and under their proper heads are 
given the terms applied to the different forms of these parts, with concise explanations or definitions, illustrated by 
engraved figures, to which the numbers annexed refer. The remaining four columns give a connected view of the Lin- 
nean system j the first contains the names of the Classes, with a short character of each, and a figure in illustration. The 
next column contains the Orders, with cuts illustrative of their characters. For these illustrations we are in¬ 
debted to Loudon's admirable Encyclopedia of Plants. In the third column the Genera are arranged according to their 
Orders, with their most common English names; the numbers in this column. within brackets, refer to and indicate 
the commencement of each Order. The other numbers refer to the Genera of each Class. The last column of the Chart 
contains a complete list of all the species of the Phenogamous Plants, and of the Felices and Musci in Cryptogamia, with 
the duration, time of flowering, soil, and situation of each. The names of the Genera in the Orders Algae and F ungi 
follow, with such a number of the species as could be embraced in this sheet, thus forming a very complete catalogue 
l of all the indigenous plants of Great Britain. 
I. CLASSES_The Classes are founded upon the number, the proportionate lengths, the connection, or the situation of the Stamens. The first 20 comprehend all 
the flowers which are obviously hermaphrodite; the 21st, such plants as have stamens on one flower tnd pistils on another: in the 22d, we find stamens in the flowers 
of one plant, and pistils in the flowers of another of the same species; in the 23d are found male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers on the same plant; and in the 
24th class, the parts of fructification are inconspicuous.—Thus the Classes depend for their existence solely upon the sexual organs, except in the last class, where 
the.e organs are not distinctly seen. II. ORDERS_The characters of this d.vision depend upon the number of the pistils, the presence or absence of a seed- 
vessel, its shape on the number and connection of the stamens, or the arrangement of the florets. The Orders in the first 13 classes are taken from the number of the 
pistils; the 14th, from the seeds being naked or covered ; the 15th, from the shape of the seed-vessel; the 16 th, 17th, and 18th, from the number of stamens; the 19th, 
from the arrangement of the florets; the 20th, 21st, 22d, and 23d, from the number and connection of the stamens; the orders of the 24th class are formed of natural 
families. III. GENERA.—Nature has connected the vegetable tribes by certain affinities or resemblances, and these resemblances have been made the foundation of 
Genera, to facilitate the knowledge of plants. To distinguish the Genera, it is necessary to describe accurately all the seven parts ot fructification ; and such a descrip¬ 
tion is termed the generic character. The essential character of a genus depends upon some peculiarity in the structure of the flower, in which the plants of a genus agree 
with one another, and which distinguishes them from every other, and is most frequently taken from the calyx or corolla, or from the nectarium when present. The rela¬ 
tive situation, proportion, integrity, or division of these parts,—the number and depth of these divisions,—whether toothed, cleft, parted, or in distinct leaves, constitute the 
essential distinction. 
IV. SPECIES.—By a Species is meant each particular plant belonging to a genus, which retains Us peculiar characteristic marks unchanged when raised from seed. 
They are, however, liable to vary, l>y culture, in colour, and some accidental circumstances. Specific distinction is founded on peculiarities of the stem, branches, leaves, 
inflorescence, roots, the presence or absence of down or thorns, the duration of the plant, &c. The figures within brackets, in the column containing the Species, refer to 
the Genera—the other figures indicate the month or months of flowering, January being the first. The following abbreviations are used in describing the duration, time 
of flowering, and soil or situation of the plants. 
Annual 
Biennial 
Perennial 
Tree or shrub 
i&r 
Banks 
Barren or sterile 
Boggy or tens 
Borders 
Branches 
Bushy 
Clayey or tena¬ 
cious 
c. Calcareous 
ch. Chalky 
cf. Cliff* 
c). Clover 
clt. Cultivated 
C. Cornwall 
Cm. Cam bridgesh i re 
cn. Corn 
cm. Commons 
co. Coast 
cr. Clear 
di. Ditches 
dp. Deep 
d. Dry 
Devonshire 
Dunghills 
Elevated 
Edges, or margins 
East 
England 
Floating 
Fields or parks 
Frequent 
Guernsey 
Grampian 
Gravelly 
Grassy 
Graves 
g. Grounds 
n. Hedges 
he. Heaths 
hi. Hills or hillocks 
hi. High or lofty 
H. Highland 
hp. Heaps 
in. Inundated 
im. Immersed 
I. Irish or Ireland 
lk. Lakes 
L. London 
mo. Moist or damp 
ma, Alariey 
m Marshes 
mg. Margins 
me. Meadows 
mt. Mountains 
me. Micaceous 
ms. Mossy 
mr. Maritime 
mu. Muddy 
y. North 
o. Old 
os. Osiers 
Ox. Oxford 
pa. Pastures 
pr. Parasite 
pi. 
Places 
rf. 
Roof 
p. 
Pools or ponds 
sa. 
Sandy or sand 
pn. 
Plains 
si. 
Salt 
py. 
Plenty or abun¬ 
dant 
S. 
Scotland or 
Scottish 
r. 
Rivers 
s. 
Sea oi near the sea 
p. 
Rare 
si. 
Soil 
rv. 
Rivulets 
sit. 
S.tuations 
rd. 
Road 
sh. 
Shore 
rn. 
Ruins 
sd. 
Shady 
ru. 
Rubbish 
$. 
South 
rt. 
Roots 
sp. 
Spongy \ • 
rk. 
Rocks 
sg. 
Stagnant 
rot 
. Rotten 
st. 
Stony or stones 
Swamps 
Sunny 
Thickets 
Trees 
Trunks 
Turfy 
Waste 
Water 
Wet or watery 
Wales 
Woods 
Wa Is 
Wtst 
Vork^hire 
Example—(1) Vulgare, b 5,6 h. th. is the first species in the Class Diandria, Monogynia, Ligustrum, and is read Ligustrum Vulgare, a shrub, flowers in May and June, 
found in hedges and thickets. (12) Palustre, H 6 7 sp. bg. si. is the last species in the Class Icosandria Polygynia, and is read, Comarum Palustre, a perennial, flowers in June 
and July, inhabits a spongy boggy soil. 
Plants , in general, are composed of Root, Stem , Inflorescence, Fulcra , Flowers, and Fruit, 
o 
ROOTS. 
Tiih RADIX ot Root consists of two parts—the Caudex or Stock, and the Radiculic or Small Fibres: it is commonly fixed 
in the earth, and imbibes the principal nourishment of the plant from the soil. The Roots of some plants exhale or give 
out certain excrenientitious matter, which impregnates the surrounding soil, and has led some Physiologists to suppose 
that the Roots of all Plants possess similar functions. The small Fibres, or true roots, consist nearly of cellular substance i 
and are seemingly a continuation of the vessels which convey the nourishment of the Plant Into the system of circulation. 
The solid portion of the Root is similar in composition and structure to the Sterr.; and although the chemical changes 
which the imbibed juices undergo in the Root may not be fully understood, yet the wonderful changes which these juices 
experience in passing through the vascular system of the Plant are evident, and point out the importance of the Root 
in the economy of the vegetable. The various kinds of Roots are, the 
Articulatus , when the root is jointed, as in Wood Sorrel. 14 [pound, as in Lilium, Allium, &c. 
Bulbils , buds under ground. They may be scaly, 7, coated, 11, solid, 2, lateral, double, com- 
Dentatus, when fleshy branched roots have tooth-like processes. Coral-rooted Ophrys , 12 
Fibrosus, when the root consists of a number of small fibres. Poa. 1 
Fusiformis , when spindle-shaped, tapering gradually like the Carrot or Beet. 4 
Granulatus, forming small round bodies, as in Saxifraga granulata . (3 
Horizontalis, when lying horizontally on the ground, as in Poly-podium. 3 
Napiformis, when the knobs are round, like the Common Turnip. 
Palmatus, hand-shaped, divided into three or more longish knobs.' Orchis latifolia. 
Prcemorsus , when the Caudex appears as if bitten off, as in .Devil’s Bite. 10 
Ramosus, when divided into many branches, as in most trees, &c. 
Repens, creeping under the surface of the earth, and at intervals pushing up stems, 
Squamosus, when the Caudex is covered with scales. White Lily. 7 
Testiculatus, when two egg-shaped knobs grow together. Orchis Moria. 9 
Tuberosus, when fleshy knobs adhere to the Caudex or to the fibres. Dropwort . 8 
•/ - INFLORESCENCE. 
INFLORESCENTIA or INFLORESCENCE.—The particular mode of the arrangement of the Flowers aflbrds one 
of the most permanent and certain characters of distinction among Plants, as the mode of Inflorescence seldom or never 
varies in any one species ; although the number of the Flowers, in any of the following modes, would be a very uncertain 
character to found specific distinction upon, Under this term are comprehended the various modes of arrangement which 
Flowers assume, such as the 
Amentum, when the flowers ar<j thickly set upon a slender foot-stalk, with intervening scales, 
as in Hazel, Birch, Oak , See. 131 [form, liko u Head. 132 
Capltulum, when a number of flowers stand thick on one stalk, either of a spherical or roundish 
Corymbus, when the foot-stalks of a Racemus are lengthened out to a flat surface. Iberis. 138 
Cyma, a number of branched foot-stalks rising from a common point, as in Elder, See. 13G 
Fasciculus, an irregular cluster or bundle, as in Sweet William. 
Panicula, when a number of flowers are standing on long foot-stalks, unequally divided, as 
in Poa and many of the Grasses. 134 
Pileics is the cap or top of a mushroom, supported'by the stalk. 133 c. 
Racemus ,when every flower hasa short foot stalk,as in the Currant, See. 151 [other plants. 152a. 
Spadix, when all the flower-stalks are contained in a vagina —peculiar t o-Palms, and a few 
Spicula, when a number of flowers have only one Calyx —peculiar to Grasses. 153 
Spica, a spike, a number of flowers without foot-stalks sitting on the stem. Wheat. 154 
Thyrsus, when a panicle is condensed into an ovate form, as in Privet. 
Urubella, a number of flower-stalks, of one length, issuing from a common centre, like the 
- radii of a circle, as in Hemlock, they may be simple or compound. Universal Umbel, 
• 101, a a. Partial Umbel, Tj b. Involucrum, cc. Involucellum, d d. 
Verticillus or Whirl, when flowers encircle the stem in rings. Mentha. 157 
Peculiar to Mosses. . 
Flos Capituliformis, formed like a little head or sphere. 
Flos Disdformis, the flower formed like a star, as in Polytrichium. 
Flos Gemmiformis, when the figuro of the flower is like a swollen bud 
S T E M S. 
The STEM is the principal trunk or body, which suppoits the branches, leaves, &c., of a vegetable; and may be either 
simple or branched. The Branches may be placed opposite or alternate, scattered or close, compact or spreading, diverging 
or divaricated, reflected, deflected, or retroflected. Stems may be bent or procumbent, straight or twining, creeping or 
climbing; they may he naked or covered with leaves, scaly or covered with bulbs, &c. In figure, they may be round or 
angular, compressed or half-round, woody, herbaceous, fleshy, or firm, smooth or rough. The Trunks of Trees and 
Shrubs are composed of a Medulla or Pith, the Lignum or solid wood, and the Alburnum, the soft new layers of wood ; 
covered with three different coats of bark, viz. the Liber, the Cortex > and Epidermis. I he stems of plants are described 
as follows* 
Acaulis, when the stem is wanting. Silene Acaulis. 
Caulis, peculiar to herbaceous plants, the principal stem elevating the leaves and flowers. 13 
Cojifertus, branches thick set or crowded without order. 
Coractatus, rising at acute angles from the stem, and sweeping nearly close up by it. 
Culmus, the proper stem of the grasses, it may be simple or branched, knotted or kuotless, 
bristle-like, with or without a sheath. 130 
Dicliotomus, the branches dividing regularly and repeatedly into pairs. Missletoe. 
Fastigiatus, the branches at the bottom rising to an equal height with those at the top of the 
Frons, when the stem, leaf, and fructification are united. Ferns■ 19 [stem. 
Pedunculus, the flower-stalk, supporting only flowers. 17 
Petiolus, the leaf-stalk, bearing only leaves. 18 
Scapus, a stem elevating the flowers only, as in the Narcissus, Sec. 207 b. 
Seta, the stem which bears only the fructification of mosses. 142 a. 
Stipes, the stems of mushrooms, palms, and the pappus of some seeds. 141, 172 
Surculus, the stem which bears the leaves of the mosses. 140 
Truncus, the main stem or trunk of trees and shrubs. 
FULCRA. 
The FULCRA or Props serve for defending, clothing, and keeping weak Plants erect, &c. Under this bead we under¬ 
stand the other parts of the Plant, exclusive of the Root, Stem, Leaves, and Flowers, such as the 
Aculeus, a prickle, formed from the bark, as in the Rose, Briar, See. 26 
Ampulla, a hollow bladder, found at the roots of some water plants. Utriculariee. 15 
Annulus, a thin membrane, like a ring, surrounding the stalk of the fungi. 133 a. 
Arista, tlie awn or pointed beard of some of the Grasses. -p 
Ascidium, a cylindrical hollow leaf, containing water, sometimes completely covered, opening 
occasionally. Nepanthes. 1C3 .... 
Bractea, floral leaves, situated among the flowers, generally differing in shape and colour 
from the leaves of the plant. Orchis. 23 
Chirr us, a slender, twisted, thread-like body, which serves weak plants to clasp other bodies 
lor support: Vine. 21 
Gemma, the bud which contains the embryo of the leaves and flowers. 143 
Glandula, a round body which either secretes or transpires fluids. 158 
Gongylus, a round hard body in the fuci, which,on the death of the old plant, becomes a new one 
Indusium is a thin membrane which covers the flowers or seeds of ferns. 171 
Ligula, a small transparent strap, situated on the margin of the vagina, and at the base of 
the leaf. Poa, Sec. 135 
Oclirea, a leaf-like body, surrounding the flowei’-stalks of some grasses. 
Pili, slender line bodies, like hair, covering some plants. 22 
Propago is the bud of mosses, which Linmeus considers as the seed. 
Rumentum, small bristle-shaped, brown-coloured, thin leafets, without order on the stem, as 
in Fir, Sec. 
Spina, a thorn, formed from the woody part of the plant. Cockspur Thorn. 25 
Stipules, small leaves or scales situated at the base of some of'the foot-stalks ot leaves. Vi¬ 
da, Latliyrus. 20 
Vagina, the prolongation of a leaf which rolls itself round the stem. Bistort. 
A Keijto the Four Grand Divisions of Linnceus' Sexual System of Botany, illustrated by the Indigenous Plants of Great Britain. 
Pita LEAVES are organs in a Vegetable, possessing functions nearly analogous to those of the lungs of Animals, affording 
an extended surface for tin. absorption and transpiration of air and moisture; they also assimilate the juices and 
fit them for nourishing and enlarging the various parts, and they likewise give shade to the Vegetable. 
The Leaves are a continuation and expansion of the same vessels and matter which compose the Hoot, Stem, Branches, 
{ id Foot-stalks; and, in many plants, show their wonderful susceptibility of certain stimuli, exhibiting the most striking 
‘ phenomena in changing their direction by the contraction or elongation of their fibres, They may be simple or com¬ 
pound ; and are distinguished and denominated from their connection, situation, figure, substance, position, direction, or 
attachment. On examining a simple leaf, its base and apex, its circumference and margin, its upper and under surfaces, 
its substance and situation, must be considered; and are termed, 
Acerosum, needle-shaped, a rigid linear leaf like the Pinus. 116 
Acinaciforme, shaped like a scymitar, a thick leaf with one side sharp and the other broad.88 
Acuminatum, when the point is lengthened out. Cl 
Acutum, acute, when tapering gradually to a point. GO 
Adversum, when the margin is turned towards the stem. 
Alterna, when placed alternate. 119. Articulatum, jointed. 118 
Amplcxicauls, when the lobes of a sessile leaf embrace the stem, ill 
Anceps, when a compressed leaf is sharp oil both edges. [&c. 41 
Angulare, of various angles. Tri- 34 Quad- and Quinquiangularis, three-, four-, or five-angled, 
Auriculatum, ear-shaped, nearly hastate, but the lobes rounded and smaller. 
Axillare, when standing at the origin of the branch. 
Bullatum, when the parts raised between the veins are like blisters 
Canaliculatum, when the mid rib is furrowed or channeled. 8 
Capillare, when like a hair. Pilosum, hairy, long fine hairs. 87 
Carinatum, when the mid rib' is formed like the keel of a ship. 
Carnosum, fleshy, when there is a pulpy soft substance, as in Houseleek. 
Cartilaginum, when the margin is harder than the disk of the leaf. 55 
Caulinum, when attached to the principal stem. 
Ciliatum, fringed with long hairs, distant from each other. GG 
Compressum, compressed, when a thick leaf is flattened on both sides. 
Connatum, when opposite sessile leaves are closely united at their base inteone substance.100 
Concaimm, hollow in the middle of the leaf. 
Conferta, when so crowded that the stem cannot be seen. 
Cordatum, heart-shaped. Lamium album. - 47 Obcordatum inversely heart-shaped. 38 
Crenata-acuta, sharply notched, points at right angles with the axis of the leaf. GS 
Crenata obtusa, bluntly notched as above." GO Crenata-duplicata, doubly notched. 5‘t 
Crenatum, notched, with small teeth, whose points stand at right angles with the mid rib. 
Crispum, when fuller on the margin than the middle, the former curled. 58 
Cucullatum, when rolled up like a hollow cone. 
Cuneiforme, when blunt-pointed, and tapers to the base like a wedge. C. Emarginata. 81 
Cuspidatum, when the acuminate leaf ends in a bristle. 
Dwdaleum, when the apex has a large circuit, but is cut off and ragged. 
Decurrens, when the substance of the leaf runs down the stem. 112 
JJecussata, when set in four rows, forming a St Andrew’s cross. 
Deltoides, when short and bounded by three broad surfaces, like the letter delta 84 
Demersum, when the leaves are found below water. 
Dentatum, when small distinct teeth are placed on the margin. 51 
Dcntato-sinuata, having wide indentations, with small ones on them. 
Dcpendens, when the base turns to the zenith and the apex to the earth. 
Depressum, when the upper and under surfaces of a fleshy leaf are pressed together. 
Disticlia, when the leaves stand in two rows, as in Yew and Pitch Fir. 
Doiabiforme, when a fleshy leaf is compressed and shaped like an axe. 77 
Emarginatum, notched deeply, at the apex a portion taken out. 79 
Enervium, when no nerves rise from the base, uerveless. 
Ens forme, sword-shaped, like the Iris. 
Erectum, when the leaf forms a very acute angle upwards with the stem. 127 
Erosum, gnawed, unequally sinuated, as if bitten at the edges. 43 
stand i n tufts, as in Larch, Sec. 
Fi-ssum, cleft, when there is merely a split or cut halt way down. 
FlabelliJ'orme, when shaped like a fan. 
Florale Bractee , when standing close by the flower. 
Frons-articularis, the jointed stem of a Fern. 95 
G ihbosum, when both surfaces are convex, or seem..swelled out. 
// astatum, halbert-shaped. 42 Hispid urn, beset with rigid bristles. 73 
Ilorizontale, when the upper surface of the leaf makes a right angle with the stem. 125 
Jmbricatum, when one leaf overlaps another, like tiles on a house. 117 
Juepquale, unequal, when one lobe is larger than the other. 
Incurvum, when bent in at the point towards the stem, 
fnftcxum, bent upwards and inwards at the apex. * 128 
IjOf iniatum, torn, when there are several irregular clefts in an oblong leaf. 46 
Lacunosum, when the surface is hollow between the veins, pitted. 
Lanceolatum, shaped like a spear, gradually narrowing to the point. 31 
Lobatum, deeply divided into lobes. 57 Trilobatum, three-lobed. 39 
JJneare, of equal breadth from the base to the apex, margins nearly straight. 32 
JAneatum, streaked with depressed but not always parallel lines. 
Unguiforme, when a compressed leaf is somewhat tongue-shaped. 74 
Lunatum, moon-shaped, like the moon in her third quarter. 48 
Lyratum, lyre-sliaped, margin bayed, extreme segment large and round. 89 
Membranaceum, like a membrane, when without any pulpy substance 
Vucronatum, when a blunt ended leaf ends in a bristle. 
Natajis, when the leaf swims, as in Water Inly. 
Nervosum, when the vessels run in parallel lines from base to apex. 83 
Obliquum, when in a direction between horizontal and perpendicular. 
Oblohgus, considerably longer than broad. 30 
Obtusum, when the end of the leaf is blunt. 59 
Obtusum mucronatum, blunt, but terminating with a point. 62 
Opposita folia, when the leaves are set opposite. 120 
Orbiculatum, when the circumference is in all points at equal distances from the centre. 40 
LEAVES. 
Ovatum, egg-shaped, nearly oval, but the diameter greater at the base than at the apes. 28 
Pa.eaceum, when the foot-stalk is attached to the margin. [Ovale, oval shaped. 29 
Palmatum, when more than half-way divided into five or six finger-like lobes. 44 
P anduriforme, fiddle-shaped, having a deep curve or bay on both sides of an oblong teaf. 129 
Parabolicum, a quadrangular figure, with two obtuse and two acute angles 
Partitum, parted, divided down beyond the middle. 49 
Papillosum, covered with scales or fleshy pimples. Eryngium. 75 
Peltatum, when the foot-stalk is inserted into the disk of the leaf. 115 
Perfoliatum, bored through, the stem passing thro-’gh the leaf. 110 
Petiolatum, when a leaf has a footstalk. 114 
Pinnatum-abrupte, a winged leaf ending with an odd one. 97 
Pinnatum-articulatum, winged, the common foot-stalk jointed. 94 
Pinnatifidum, when the incisures or bays go almost down to the mid ril. 45 
Planum, when the upper surface forms an even plane. 
Plication, when the leaf is laid in regular folds. 70 * 
Prcemorsum, when the point seems as if bitten jlf. 
Punctatum, dotted, having dots or points instead of veins or ribs. 
Quaternion, four leaves round the stem. 121 
Radicate, when they spring from the root, as in Viola odoratu. 
Radicans, when the leaf strikes roots. 
Ramosion, when rising from the branches. 
Rcclinatum, when standing with its point towards the earth. 121 
Remota, when separate from one another by considerable interstices. 
Reniforme, kidney-shaped. Ground ivy. 35 
Repandum, serpentine, small sinuses without angles on the margin. 50 
Reticulatum, when the veins are like net-work. 
Retrorsa-sinuata, the wide indentations pointing to the base of the leaf. 65 
Retusum, slightly and bluntly notched at the end. 
Revolution, when rolled backwards with its point to the stem. 123 
Rugosum, wrinkled, when the surface is raised between the veins. 67 
Rundnatum, when the incisures of a pinnatifld leaf are pointed and bent downwaTds. 
Sagittata- Cordata, something between arrow- and heart-shaped. 37 
Sagittutum, arrow-shaped, the lobes pointed and bent outward like barbs 36 
Seminale , when they grow out of the seed lobes when germinating. 
Serratum, when the point of the teeth are turned to the apex like a saw. 52 
Serratum-duplicatum, doubly sawcut, small teeth on the larger. 53 
Sessile, when fixed to the stem, and there is no foot-stalk. 113 
Sinuatum, sinuated, when shallow bays are cut out of the margin. 63 
Sparsa, when they stand thick on the stem, scattered without order 
•V pinosum, when set with spines, as in the Thistle. 
Squurrosa Ladniatum, when the incisures run in every direction, as in the Thistle. 
Stellata sive Vertidllata, when several are set star-like round the stem. 122 
Subulatum, awl-shaped, a linear leaf sharply pointed. 33 Subrotund, somewhat round. 27 
Sulcatum, furrowed, plowed with deep lines. 82 
Teres , round, when formed like a cylinder. 78 
Terna, when three leaves stand round the stem. 
Tetragonum, when a long leaf is bounded by four narrow surfaces. 
Tomentosum, downy, covered with a cotton-like substance. 80 
Triquetrum, three-sided, when bounded by three narrow long sides. 8,'i • 
Truncatum, when the point of a leaf is cut oft’ or ends in a straight line. 56 
Tubulosum, when hollow within, like the leaves of the Onion. 
Uncinatum, when a leaf has a hook-shaped appearance. 
Undulation, waved, when the margin is bent upwards and downwards. 
Vaginutum, sheathed, or sheathing the stem. 108 
Venosum, when the fibres are branched from the mid rib. 72 Aveniun, having no 
Verticale, perpendicular, forming a right angle with the horizon 
Verucosum, warty, having little lumps or warts on the surface. 
TV iTeiTmere urc sCvcTafie&VOa on"GTiiTlooY-s«irk, liiey a." tciTii.cn vluliipounn 'Jlavu. 1 . ‘uiiu. . 
found most of the varieties which compound leaves assume, with regard to arrangement. 
Bigeminatum, when a divided leaf-stalk bears two leaves at each point. 
Binatum, when the leaves stand in pairs. 71 Bipinnatum, double pinnated. 107 
CLASSES. 
1. MO NANI) RI A. 
monos one, ancr a man. 
Plants of 1 siamen and 1 or 2 pistils. 
Our native plants in this clahs have 
nothin# but simplicity of struc¬ 
ture to recommend them. 
2. DIANDRIA. 
The native plants in this class have 
2 stamens and 1 or 2 pistils, the 
flowers are larger and their parts 
more distinct than in the first class. Some 
are cultivated;for their beauty, others are used 
at table, in medicine, or in the arts. 
3. TRIANDRIA. 
Plants of 3 stamens and l ,2,or 3 pistils; 
besides a considerable number of very 
beautiful plants, and a few useful in medi¬ 
cine, this class contains the most important 
natural family in the whole circle of vegeta¬ 
tion—the family of the grasses, with which 
the Author of Nature has so beautifully 
carpeted the surface of this globe, and which 
affords the greatest part of the food of man, 
and all the phytivorous animals. And in 
proportion to their importance in the econo¬ 
my of Nature, the solicitude for their pro¬ 
pagation and preservation has been most 
amply expressed; they produce seeds in 
abundance, and the cropping of their leaves, 
and the treading on their stems, only tend 
to spread and increase their roois. 
4. TETRANDRIA. 
Phe Plants in this class are distinguish¬ 
ed from those in Didynamiaby their 4 
stamens being of equal lengths, and by their 
flowers being of distinctly different natu¬ 
ral orders. Some of the plants of this class 
possess medicinal qualities. The Madder 
affords a spiritous tincture, used as a 
stimulant r and deobstruent in obstructed 
Catamenia, &c.; it is also much used in 
dying, and forms a considerable article of 
commerce. The root of the Cheese Rennet 
possesses similar properties ; its leaves 
coagulate milk, and were formerly con¬ 
sidered an efficacious remedy in epilepsy. 
The dried Woodruff gives out a very per¬ 
manent aromatic odour, somewhat similar 
to the Tonquin bean. The leaves of the 
Holly have cured intermittent fever; and 
an infusion of them drank as tea, is said 
to be a preventative against the gout. 
5. PENTANDRIA. 
Plants of 5 Stamens not united. This 
class is distinguished from Svnge- 
nesia, by its flowers being simple, 
while those of Syngenesia are compound. 
If we except the genus Ribes, there are few 
native plants belonging to this class, which 
bear berries fit for eating, and all the wioho- 
petalous plants, with 5 stamens, whose fruit 
is a berry, have been found to be poisonous. 
Indeed, a very considerable number of the 
plants in this class possess active proper¬ 
ties. and several of them are very strong 
S oisons, su-h as the Deadly Nightshade, 
iittersweet, Thornapple, Henbane, Hem¬ 
lock, Dropwort, &c. However, the in¬ 
trepid and ingenious research of Baron 
Stoerk could turn their deleterious pro¬ 
perties \o sanative purposes; for by a series 
of bold and well conducted experiments, 
correctly marked in their results, he chang¬ 
ed the baneful qualities of these potent 
herbs into ineffable blessings to the human 
species; and the most excruciating pains 
that flesh is heir to have been speedily re¬ 
lieved, sight given to the blind, and many 
obdurate cases of rheumatism, scirrhus, 
cancer, &c. (diseases before deemed irre¬ 
mediable) have been completely cured by 
preparations of these invaluable plants. 
6. HEXANDRIA. 
In this class the flowers have six sta¬ 
mens all nearly of the same length, 
and 1 to 4 pistils,.but none of the 
genera have four petals like those we find 
in Tetradynamia. 
ORDERS. 
1 Monogynia. 
monos on t,gyne a woman. 
2 Digynia. 
1 Monogynia. 
2 Digynia. 
GENERA. 
1 Monogynia. 
2 Digynia. 
3 Trigynia. 
{ (Or 1) 1 Salicor'nia Jointed-glasswort. 2 Hippu'ris, Mare’s-tail. 3Zoste'ra, 
Grass-wrack. 4 Cha'ra, Chara. Or 2) 5 Caliit'riche, Water-star wort. 
x —Contains 14 species, 10 and 4 4. 
(Or 1) 1 Liirus'trutn, Privet. 2 Frax'inus, Ash. 3 Circae'a, Enchanter’s- 
nightshade. 4 Vero'nica Speedwell. 6 Pinguic'ula, Butterwort. 6 Utri- 
cula'ria, Bladder wort. 7 Lem'na. Duckweed. 8 Lyco'pus, Gipsy, wort. 
9 SaPvia, Sage, or Clary. 10 Cla'dium, Twig-rush. (Or 2) 11 Anthox- 
an'thum, Vernal-grass.—Contains 38 specie**, 9 c) 25 U and 4 ?. 
r (Or 1) 1 Valeria'na, Valerian. 2 Fe'dia, Corn-salad. 3 Cro'cus, Crocus. 
4 Trichone'ma, frichonema. 5 I'ris, Iris, or Flower-de-luce. 6 Schce - 
nus, Bog-rush. 7 Rhynchos'pora, Beak-rush. 8 Cy'perus. Cvperus, or 
Galingale. 9 Scir'pus, Club-rush, and Bull-rush. lUEleocha'ris, Spike- 
rush. 11 Erio'phorum, Cotton-grass. 12 Nar'dus. Mat-grass. (Or 2) 
13 Phal'aris, Canary-grass. 14 Phle'um Cats-tail grass. 15 Alope- 
cu'rus, Fox-tail grass. 16 Knap'pia, Knappia. 17 Polypo'uon, Beard- 
grass. 18 Mil'ium, Millet-grass. 19 Agro^tis, Bent-grass. 20 Cyn'odon, 
iJog’s-tooth-grass. 21 Digita'ria, Finger-grass. 22 Pan'icum. Panick- 
I'cus, Soft-grass. 25 Hiero'chloe, 
27 Sesle'ria, Moor-grass. 
Meadow-grass. 30 Trio'dia, 
Heath-grass. 31 Bri'za. Quaking-grass. 32 Dac'tylis, Cock's-foot-grass. 
33 Sparri'na, Cord-grass. 34 Cynosu'rus, Dog*s-tail-grass. 35 Festu'ca, 
Fescue-grass. 36 Bro'mus, Brome-grass. 37 Sti'pa, Feather grass. 
38 Ave'na, Oat ? or Oat-grass. 59 Lagu'rus, Hare s-tail-grass. 40 Arun 7 - 
do, Reed. 41 Lo'lium. Darnel. 42 RottbolTia Hard-grass. 43 Ely'mus, 
Lyme-grass. 41 Hor'deum. Barley. 45 Trit'icuin, Wheat, Wheat- 
grass. (Or 3) 46 Mon'tia, Blinks. 47 HolosTeum, Jagged ( hick weed. 
48 Polycar'pon, All-seed.—Contains 163 species, 45 0 2 $ and 116 U. 
I 
SPECIES. 
(1) Herba'cea, 0 8,9 si. m. Procum'bens, 0 8 si. m. Rad'icans, H 9 mu. s. sh. Frutico'sa, U 8,9 s. sh. p—(2) Vulga'ris, U 5 di. p.—(3) Mari'na, 8.9 si. w.—(4) Vulga'ris 
© 7 mu. di. His'pida, o 7,8 di. p. Flex'ilis, 0 7,8 di. p. Translu'cens, 0 6,7 p. p. Nidif ica, ty 7,8 si. w. di. Grac'ilis, 09 p. p—(5) Ver'na, O 4..9 di. p. Autuinna'lis 
© 6..10 cr. p,. 
(l) Vulga're, ^ 5,6 h. th,—(2) Excel'sior, * 4,5 wd. h. Heterophyl'Ia, *4,5 h. p.—(3) Lutetia'na, U 6,7 mo. sd.pl. Alpi'na, 21 7.8 sd. sb pi—(4) Spica'ta, U7..9hi. ch. pa 
Hyb'rida, U 7 mt. p. Fruticulo'sa, 7 S. mt. mo. pi. Saxai'ilis, & 7 mt. S. Alpi'na, 4 7,8 a. rv. S. SerpyilifoTia, 5,6 me. pa. Beccabun'ya, 2i 7 di. rv. Ana- 
_ gal'iis, 2| 7 m. di. Scutelia'ta, u 7.8 sp. bg. Officina'lis, U 5,6 hi. pa. he. Hirsu'ta, 2J-6 d. he. S. Chamai'drys, '4-5 me. h. Monta'na, - 5,6 mo. wd. ch. si. Agres'tis, O 4..9 
clt. g. Arven'sis, © 5fi. wl. Hederifo'lia, 0 4,5 clt. ws. g. Triphyll'os, O 4 sa. fi. Ver'na, O 4 sa. ft—(5) Lusitan'ica, U 6,7 bg. Vulga'ris, U 5,6 l)g. Grandiflo'ra, b 5,6 
bg. y. I. —(6) Vulga'ris, 2J. 7 di. p. Interme'dia, 7 di. I. S. Mi'nor, U 7 di. m. p. —(7) Tris'cula, O 6 p. Mi'nor, 0 6,7 p. Gib'ba, ^ 6,7 p. Folyrrhiz'a, 07,8 di.—(8) Euro- 
' p.—(9) Praten'sis, . 7 d. me. Verbena'ca, U 6..10 me. ws. g.—(10) Maris'cus, 4 7,8 bg. —(11) Odora'tum, 5 me. pa. 
pai'us. 
(1) Ru'bra, 21 6..9 o. wl. Dioi'ca, 6 m. Officina'lis, H6m. mt. Pyrenai'ca, H 6 wd. S.—(2) Olito'ria, O 4..6 fi 
1. G—' 
■(5) Pseud-a'corus, 
5. Denta'ta, 0 6,7 fi.—(8) Sati'vus, H 9 me. pa. Ver'nus, 
rus, 21 7 wt. pi. Fcetidis'sima, n 6 th.—(6) Nig'ricans, b 6 
mo. pa. p.-l(9J Ctespito'sus, 2| 7 tu. he. Pauciflo'rus, U- 8 mo. mt. Fluit'ans, 218 
Seta'ceus, O 7,o sp. wt. pi. Carici'nus, H 7 bg. me. Ku'fus, 21 6,7 m. Trique'ter, U 8 
3) Palus/tris, U6,7 p. di. Multicau'lis,'4 7 m. Acicula'ris/4 8 mo. he—(11) " 
4 3 me. Reticula'tu. 4 , < 3 gy. pa. Nudiflo'rus, 4 10 sa. in. me.—(4) Bulboco'dium, 4 4 hi 
tu. bg—(7) Ai'ba, 4 8 tu. bg. Fus'ca, 8 m. p. —(8) Lon'gus, 4 7 m. p. Fus'cus, 0 9 
di. mo. he. Lacus'tris, 4 7 cr. p. Glau'cus, 4 7,8 si. m. Holoschce'nus/4 8..11 si. m. p, 
mr. r. b. Carina'tus, H8b.r. Marit'imus, 4 7,8.si. m. Sylvat'icus, 4 7 mo. sd. wd.—(10) Palus'tris, 4 6,7 p. di.’Multicau'Iis/i 7 m. Acicula'ris,4 8 mb. he—(11) Vagina'- 
tum, 4 3 bg. he. Capita'ium, 4 8 b. rv. S. Alpi'num, 4 4,5 tu. bg. Polysta'chion, 4 bg. me. Pubes'cens, 4 4, 5 bg. Angustifo'lium, 4 4 bg. me. Grac'ile, 4 7 bg. mt— 
(12) iStnc'ta, 7 mo. sa. he.—(13) Canarien'sis, O 6..8 ws. clt. g. Arundina'cea, 4 7 p. r— (14) Praten'se, 4 6..10 me. pa. Alpi'num, 4 7 mt. 
Boehme'rif 4 7 sa. pn. p. Michel'ii, 4 7 hi. ik. S. Arena'rium, O 6 sa. s. co—(15) Praten'sis, 4 5 me. pa. Alpi'nus, 4 7 mt. S. A) 
m.p. Genicula'tus,4 7 p. di. Ful'vus, 4 7 p. di—(16) Agrosti'dea, 0 3,4 sa. pa. s. sh.—(17) Monspelien ; sis, 0 7.8 mo. s. co. Littora'J 
mo. sd. pi. Lendig'erum, O 8 in. fi—(19) Spi'ca ven'ti, 0 6,7 mo. sa. fi. Cani'na, 4 7 mo. pi. Seta'cea, 4 7,8 d. he. Vulga'ris, il 7 me. pa. Ai'ba,'4 7,8 ii. m—(20) Dac'- 
tylon, 4 7,8 sa. sh—(21) Sanguina'lis, 0 7 li. p.— (22) Verticilla'tura, O 6,7 mo. fi. Vir'ide, 7 sa. fi. Crus'-galli, 0 7 mo. g—(23) Crista'ta, 4 7,8 d. pa. Aquat'ica, 2l 5,6 
wt. pi. Casspito'sa, 4 6,7 mo. pa. gv. Alpi'na, 4 5, 6 mt. s. sh. S. Flexuo'sa, 4 7 rk. mt. Canes'cens, 4 7 sa. sh. Praj'cox, 0 5,6 ba. gr. si. Caryophylle'a, 0 7 ba. gr. si.— 
(24) Lana'tus, 4 6,7 me. pa. Mol'iis, H 7,8 fi. gv. Avena'ceus, 4 6.7 pa. rd. eg—(25) Bore'alis, 4 5,6 hi. glens. S.—(26) Uniflo'ra, 5,6 gv. Nu'tans, 4 6,7 mt. wd. Cairu'iea, 
4 8 ba. wt. pi—(27) Cairu'lea, 4 4 mo ch mt—(28) Aquat'ica, 4 7 di. r. Fluit'ans, 4 6. 8 di. rv. Dis tans, 4 7 ws. sa. sh. Marit'ima, 4 7 si. m. Procum'bens, O 7 8 s. 
4 7,8 wl. d. pa. Alpi'na, 4 7 H. S. Lax'a, 4 7 H. S. Bulbo'sa, 4 5,6 sa. sh. Trivia'Jis, 4 6..9 me. pa. Praten'sis, 4 5,6 me. pa. 
emora'lis, 21 6 wd—;30) Decum'bens, 4 7 sp. bg.—(31) Mi'nor, © 7 fi* Me'dia, U 5,6 pa—(32) Glomera'ta, 2). 6,.8 me. pa_ 
7 sa. pi—(35) Ovi'na, 2i 6 d. pa. Vivip'ara, 4 7 hi. mt. Durius'cula, *. 6 me. pa. Ru'bra, 4 7 hi. s. sh. 
sh. Gigante'a, 4 7,8 wd. h. Calama'ria, 4 7 a. wd. Lolia'cea, 4 6,7 mo. me. Praten'sis, 4 
i lium, ng. me. urac ne, u / ng. mt.— 
'num. 4 7 mt. S. As'perum, 0 7 d. fi. n. 
igres'tis, O 7 fi. rd. eg. Bulbo'sus, 4 7 si. 
'lis, W 8 mu. si. m. p—(18) Effu'sum, 4 6,7 
o ua. ** I. |*i.-/ j Litiu lira, ** * . iiil.— 
Rig'ida, © fi wl. sa. pi.—(29) Compres’sa, U 7,8 wl. 0. pa. j 
An'nua, 0 3..11 li. me. Glau'ca, U 6,7 mt. Nemora'lis, U ( 
(33) Stric'ta, U 8 mu. si m.—(34) Grista'tus, U7 d. pa. Echina'tus, © 
Bromo'ides, © 6 wl. sa. g. Myu'rus, © 6 wl. sa. g. Uniglu'mis, © 9 6 sa. sh. Gigante'a, U 7,8 wd. h. Calama'ria, U 7 a. wd. Lolia'cea, 21 6,7 mo. me. Praten'sis, W 6,7 
me. pa. Ela'tior, U 6,7 mo. j>a. Sylvat-ica, d 7 th. h. Pinna'ta, H 7 fi. he. ch. si.—(36) Secali'nus, 0 7 fi. Velu'tinus, O 7 fi. Mol'lis> J 6 ft. ws. g. Racemo'sus, © 6 me. pa, 
Squarro'sus, © 7 fi. Arven'sis, 0 7 fi. Erec'tus, 7 sa. ch. si. As'per, 0 d' 7 mo. wd. Ster'ilis, 0 6,7 fi. ws. g. Dian'drus, © 6 wl. sa. g—(37) Penna'ta, a- 7 vk. mt (38) 
Fat'ua, © 6..S cn. fi. Strigo'sa, © 6..8 cn. fi. Pubes'cens, IX 6 pa. ch. si. Praten'sis, U 7 d. ch. pa. Alpi'na, 4 7 hi. rk. S. Flaves'cens, H 6.7 pa. me. rd. eg.—(39) Ova'tus, 
© 6 sa. fi.—(40) Phragmi'tes,4 7 p. di. Epige'jos, H 7 mo. wd. Calamagros'tis, If 7 mo. wd. Stric'ta, H 6 m. S. Arena'ria, V 7 sa. s. sh.—(41) Pert n'ne, U 6 me. pa. Temu. 
len'tum, © 7 fi. Arven'se, © 7 fi. P .— (42) Incurva'ta, 0 8 mr. pa—(43) Arena'rius, Ji 7 sa. s. sh. Genicula'tus, U 7 m. s. Europai'us, 6 wd —(44) iYiuri'num, © 6..8 ws. g. 
Praten'se, u 6 mo. pa. Marit'imum, © 6,7 me. sa. sh—,45) Jun'ceum, U 7 sa. s. sh. Re'pens, U 6.. 9 ws. clt. g. Cani'num, X 7 wd. ch. si. Crista'tum, 4 7 mr. cf. S. Lolia'- 
ceum, © 6,7 sa. s. sh—(46) Fonta'na, © 4,5 rv. r.—(47) Umbelia'tum, 0 4 o. wl.—(48) Tetraphyl'lum, © 5..8 ws. sa. g. 
1 Monogynia, 
2 Digynia. 
3 Tetragynia. 
-(Or 
D 1 . 
Field-madder. 4 
U 
Dip'sacus, Teasel. 2 Scabio'sa, Scabious. 3 Sherar'dla, 
Asper'ula, Woodruff. 5 Ga'lium, Bed-straw. 
6 Ru'bia, ."Madder. 7 Ex'acum, Gentianella. 8 ITanta'go Plantain. 
9 Centun'c ulus, Chaff-weed. 10 Sanguisor'ba, Burnet. 11 Epime'di- 
um, Barren.wort. 12 C’or'nus Cornel. 13 Parieta'ria, Wall-pellitory. . 
14 isnar'dia, Isnardia. 15 Alch* mil'la, Ladies’ Mantle. (Or 2) 16 But- ] 
fo'nia. (Or 3) 17 1'lex Holly. 18 Potamoge'ton, Pond-weed. 19 Rup'- 
pia Ruppia. 20 Sagi'na, Pearl-wort. 21 Mcen'chia Moenchia. 22 1 il- 
lee'a. Tillaea. 23 lladi'ola, Flax-seed.—Contains 63 species, 16 © 2 y 
43 21 and 2 
(1) Fullo'num, 7 h. Sylves'tris, 7 h. Pilo'sus, 4 8 
Odora'ta, 4 5 wd. mt. Cynan'chica, 4 6 d. ch. b—(5) Crucia'tum, 4 5 th 
4 8 wt. pi. Erec'tum, 4 6,7 mo 
Ve'rum, 4 7,8 hi. bu 
(8) Ma'jor, 4 5..9 me 
na'lis, h 6 me. pa. Me 
5 
8 mo. ch. si.—(2) Succi'sa, 4 8..10 pa. Arven'sis, 4 7 fi. Columbaria, 4 6,7 mo.ch. si—(3) Arven'sis# O 5..8 fi_(4) 
h., Palus tre, 4 7 mo. pi. Witherin'gii, 4 7 el. mo. pi. Saxat'ile,4 7,8 he. sit. Uligino'sum, 
Ciner'eum, 4 8 v S. AristaTum, 4 7,8 mt. S. Verruco'sum, O 6..8 fi. Tricor'ne, 0 7 fi. Spu'rium, O 6,7 fi- h Pusil'Jumt 4 7.8 c. hi. 
(6) Peregri'na, 4 6,7 th—(7) Viiifor'me, © 7 sa. bg_ 
‘ . 6* wt.he—( 10 )0ffici- 
4 6,7 mo. pa. Ciner'eum, a 8 v b. Arista'turn, 4 7,8 mt. S. Verruco'sum, O 6..8 fi. Tricor'ne, 0 \ 
pi. Mollu'go, 4 7,8 h. th. An'glicum, 0 6,7 wl. sa. g. Bore'ale, 4 7 rk. pi. Apari'ne, 0 5..8 h—(6 
pa. Me'dia, 4 5..8 d. pa. Lanceola'ta, 4 6,7 me. pa. Marit'ima, 4 8 si. m. hi. mt. Corono'pus, 0 
e'dia, 4 7 cu. S—(11) Alpi'num, 4 5 mt. th—(12) Sangui'nea, 6 wd. h. Sue'cica, 4 6,7 a. pa—(1 
r (Or 1) 1 Myoso'tls, Scorpion-grass. 2 Lithosper'mum 
chu'sa,Alkanet. 4 Cynoglos'sum Hound’s-tongue. 5 
6 Svmphy't 
9 Lycop'sis, 
o$e,and Co\ 
14 Hotto'i 
1 
1 Monogynia. 
2 Digynia. 
3 Trigynia. 
- 4 Tetragynia. 
5 Pentagynia. 
6 Hexagynia. 
7 Polygynia. 
Grom well. 3 An- 
5 Pulmona'ria, Lung- 'l 
wort. 6 Symphy'tum 0’omfrey. 7 Bora'go liornge. 8 Asperu'go Mad- I 
wort. 9 Lycop'sis, Bugioss. 10 Echi'uiu, Viper’s- bugloss. 11 Piim'uia, 
Primrose,and Cowslip. 12 Cycla'men, Cyclamen. 13 Alenyan'thes, Buo 
bean. 14 Hotto'nia Featherfoil. 15 Lysimach'ia, Loose-strife. 1 6Ana- 
gaPlis, Pimpernel. 17 Aza'lea, Azalea. 18 Convol'vulus, Bindweed. 19 
Polemo'nium, Jacob’s Ladder. 20 Campan'ula, Bell-flower. 21 Phy- 
teu'ma, Rampion. 22 Jasio'ne, Sheep's-bit. 23 Lobe'lia, Lobelia. 24 
Impa'tiens, Balsam. 25 Vi'ola, Violet. 26 Verbas'cum, Mullein. 27 
Patu'ra, Thorn-apple. 28 Hyoscy'atnus. Henbane. 26 At'ropa. Dwale, 
or Deadly Nightshade. 30 Soia'num, Nightshade. 51 Erythras'a, Cen¬ 
taury. 32Samo'lus. Brookweed. 33 Lonice'ra Honey-suckle. 34 Rham'- 
nus, Buckthorn. 55 Euon'ymus, Spindle-tree. 36 Ri'bes, Currant and 
Gooseberry. 37 Hed'era, Ivy. 38 illece'brum, Knotgrass. 39 Glaux, 
Sea Milkwort. 40 The'sium, Bastard-toadflax. 41 Vin'ca, Periwinkle. 
(Or 2) 42 Hernia'ria, Iiupture-wort. 43 ( henopo'dium, Goosefoot. 44 
Be'ta, Beet. 45 Sal'sola, Saltwort. 16 Ul'mus Elm. 47 Cus'cuta, Dod¬ 
der. 48 Swer'tia. Felwort. 49 Gentia'na Gentian. 50 Eryn'gium, 
Enngo. 51 San'icula, Sanicle. 52 Eehino'phora, Prickly-Sampire. 
53 Dau'cus, Carrot. 51 Cau'calis, Bur-parsley. 55 Tor'ilis, Hedge- 
parsley. 56 Anthris'cus, Beaked-parsley. 57 Scan'dix, wShepherd’s- 
needle. 58 Chserophyl'lum, Chervil. 59 Myr'rhis, Cicely. 60 Bu'nium, 
Earth-nut. 61 Si'um, Water-parsnip. 62 Si'son, Honewort. 63 Cicu’ta, 
Cowbane. 64 2Ethu'sa, FooPs-parsley. 65 Co'nium, Hemlock. 66 
Corian'drum,Coriander. 67 (Enan'the, Water-drop wort. 68 Crith'mum, 
Sampire. 69 ^myr'nium, Alexanders. 70 A'pium, Parsley. 71 ^Egopo'- 
dium. Gout-weed. 72 Imperato'ria, Masterwort. 73 Angel'ica, Angeli¬ 
ca. 74 Ligus'ticum, Lovage. 75 Me'um, Spignel, or Fennel. 76 Ca'rum, 
Caraway. 77 Athaman'ta, Stone-parsley. 78 Pimpinel'la, Burnet- 
saxifrage. 79 Cni'dium, Pepper-saxifrage. 80 Bupleu'rum. Hare’s-ear. 
81 Hydrocot'yle, White-rot. 82 SelFmim Milk-parsley. 83 Peuced'a- 
nuni, Sulphur-wort. 81 Pastina'ca, Parsnip. 85 lleracle'um, Cow-pars¬ 
nip. 86 Tordyl'ium, Hart-wort. (Or 3) 87 Vibur'num, Guelder-roMe. 
88 Sambu'cus, Elder. 89 Staphy'Iea, Bladder-nut. 90 Tam'arix. 
Tamarisk. 91 Corrigio'la. Str;«pwort. (Or 4)92 Parnas sia. Grass of 
Parnassus. (Or 5) 93 Stat'ice. Thrift. 94 Li'num, Flax. 95 Sibbal'dia, 
Sibbaidia. (Or 6) 96 Dro'sera, Sun-dew. (Or 7) 97 Myosu'rus, 
i,w > ^ u * • 
_ 5..8 sa. g—(9) Min'imus, ^ _ _ 
... . „ (13) Officina'lis, 4 G..9 wl. ru.-U^jPalus'tris, O 7 p 
wt. pi—(15) Vulg a'>-V. 4 6,7 hi. d. pa. Alpi'na, 4 7 a. rk. Arven'sis, © 5..8 fa. fi—(16) Tenuifo'lia. 0 6 s. co. p—(17) Aquifo'linm, .OJi- bu. u!---(1 8^ N .«^ # 7 
HeterophyPlum, iPT ".#. di. Perfolia'tiun, 4 7,8 p. r. Den'sum, 4 6 p. slow r. Fluit'ans, 4 8 9 di. rv. Lu'cens, 4 6,7 p. Ik. Lanceola'tum, 4. 8 a. b. ons n, 6,7 di. rv. 
Compres'sum, 6,7 di. slow r. Cuspida'tum, 4 7 p. rv. Gramin'eum, 4 7 p. di. PusiiTum. 4 7 cy. di. p. Pectina'tum, 4 7 di. fr- si. w.—(19) Marit'ima, 4 ? 8^ w> di,__ 
(20) Procum'bens, 4 5,.8 ru. gr. b. Marit'ima, © 5..8 hi. mt. s. co. Apet'ala, O 5,6 gr. ru.—(21) Erec'ta, 0 5 gr. pa.—(22) Musco'sa, 0 5,6 ba. sa. he.—(23) Mqiegra'na. 
© 7,8 wt. sa. g. 
\ 
(1) Palus'tris, 7,8 wt. pi. Cffispito'sa, 4 S 5,6 wt. pi. Interme'dia, $ 4,5 d. sd. pi. Sylvat'ica, 4 ? 6,7 d. gv. Alpes'tris, « 7,8 mt. S. Arven'sis, © 6 .8 d. fi. Versic'olor, © 
4..6 fi. wl.—(2) Officina'le, 4 5 gr. ch. sit. Arven'se, 0 5,6 fi. Pur'puro-creru'leum, . 5ch.th. p. Marit'imum, 4 7 sa. s. sh—(3) Officina'lis, ’• 6.7 ru. s. Sempervi'rens, u 
5,6 ws. g—(4) Officina'le, $ 6 ws. g. Sylvat'icum, <? 6 h. p—(5) Officina'lis, 4 5 gv. Angustifo'lia, 4 5 wd. p —(6) Officina'le, 4 5,6 wt. pi. Tubero'sum, 4 7 mo. sd. pi.— 
f (7) Officina'lis, £ 6,7 ws. g. ru—(8) Procum'bens, 0 4,5 ws. g. P —(J) Arven'sis, O 6,7 fi. b—(10) Vulga're, <? 6,7 n. wl—(11) Vulga'ris, 214 gv. gy. pi. Ela'tior, 21. 4 wd. th. p. 
Ve'ris, 44,5 me. pa. Farino'sa, 4 6,7 mt. pa. rv. Scot'ica, 4 7 v. 8—(12) Hederifo'lium, 4 10 gv. p— (13) 'J rifolia'ta, 4 6,7 wt. pi. Nymphacoi'des,2l8p.r. p—(14) Palus'tris, 
4 6,7 p—(15) Vulga'ris, 4 7 sd. wt. pi. Thyrsiflo'ra, 4 7 wt. pi. P . Nem'orum, 4 5..9 sd. pi. Nummula'rta, 4 6,7 wt. me.—(16) Arven'sis, O 6,7 clt. fi. Cceru'lea, © 6,7 
cn. fi. p. Tenel'la, 4 7,8 ms. bg—(17) Procum'bens, ^7a. he —(18) Arven'sis, 4 6,7 gr. si. Se'pium, 47.8 mo. h. Soldanel'la, 4 7 s. sh.—(19) Cairu'leum, 4 6 bu. pi. p — 
Rotundifo'lia, 4 8,9 he. b. Pat'ula, cf 7,8 pa. Rapun'culus, 6 7,8 b. Persicifo'lia, 4 7 wd. S. Latifo'lia, 4 8 mo. th. Rapunculoi'des, 48 wd. p. Trache'lium, 4 7 wd. 
lomera'ta, 4 7,8 ch. pa. Hyb'rida, 0 8 d. fi. Hedera'cea, 4 6. 8 mo. sd. pi—(21) Orbicula're, 4 8 ch. pa—(22) Monta'na, O 6,7 sa. pi—(23) Dortinan'na, 4 7 lk. 
U'rens, 4 8,9 he. D. p—(24) No'li-me-tan'gere, O 8 mo. sd. pi. p—(25) Hir'ta, 4 4 ch. si. Odora'ta, 4 3,4 wd. Palus'tris, 4 4 ms. bg. Cani'na, 4 4.6 gv. he. Lac'tea, 4 5 
mt, he. Flavicor'nis, 4 5,6 pa. b. Tri'color, 0 5..9 fi. Lu'tea, 4 5..9 mt. pa—(26) Thap'sus. o 7 8 b. Lychni'tis, c 7.8 rd. eg. ch. si. Pulverulen'tum. 6' 7 gr. si. Ni'grum, 
sa. gr. si 
g L Mouse tail—Contains 217 species, 56 0 23 $ 111 4 and 27 £ 
3 
ws. g. Hy'bridum, O 8 mo. pi. Al'bum, O 7,8 ws. clt. g. 
fo'lium, O 7,8 fi. ru. Maririmum, © 7,8 s. sh—(44) Ma 
Ma'jor, ? 5 h. Monta'na, *? 4 wd. h. Gla'bra, 3 lu E—(47) I 
a. a p U .-(5: 
ns. 
5 > 
Latifo lia, O 
6 ws. g. ru. 
(38) Verticilla'tum, 4 7 m. g. 9—(39) Mariti'ma, 2J 6,7 mu. si. m.— (40) Linophy 
Hirsu'ta, 4 7,8 sa. g. p—(43) Bo'nus, Henri'cus^ 5,6 ws. g. Ur'bicum, O 8,9 d 
Ficifo'lium, O 8 du. ws 
arit'ima, 
47) Europas'a 
4 8,9 mo. tu. he. Acau'lis, ^ 5 9. W. dt. natv. Ver'na, 4 4 ba. mt 
Campes'tre, 4 7.8 pa. p.—(51) Europa'ea, 4 5 wd—(52) Spino'sa, 4 7 sa. co. p—(53) Caro'ta, cf 6,7 m 
7 ch. fi. p.—(55) Anthris'cus,© 7 h. fi. Infes'ta, O 7 fi. h. Nodo'sa, O 5,6 gr. si—(56) Vulga'ris, O 
Sylves'tre, 4 4,o h—(59) Odora ta, 4 5 mt. pa. Temulen'ta, 6,7 bu. pi. Au'rea, n 6 fi. S. Aromat'ica, 2 
7, 8 r. di. Angustifo'lium, 7,8 rv. di. Nodiflo'rum, 4 7,8 r. bg. Re'pens, 24 6..8 wt. pi. Inunda'tum, 4 ? 
mar. si. Se'getum, 0 8 ch. fi—(63) Viro'sa, 4 8 r. di— _ 
bg. di. Pimpinelloi'des, 4 7 si. m. Peucedanifo'lia, 4 6 di. bg. Croca'ta, 7 wt 
“ p. di.—(71) Podagra'ria, 4 5,6 clt. g. mo. sd. pi—(72) Ostru'thium, 4 6 mo. el. me—(73) Archangel'ica, S' 6..9 wt. pi. p. Sylves'tris, 4 7 wt. pi. 
icot'icum, 4 7 s. co. S. Cornubien'se, 4 7 bu.pl. O.—(75) Athaman^icum, U 5 mt. pa. Fcenic'ulum, <? 7,8 ch. cf—(76) Car'ui, $ 6 me. pa.—(77) Libano'tis, 4 8 
p.—(78) Saxi'fraga, 4 7,8 d. ch. pa. Mag'na, 4 7,8 sd. pi. ch. si. Dioi'ca, 5,6 c. rk. p .—(79) Sila'us, 4 7,8 mo. me. pa—(80) Rotundifo'lium, © 7 ch. fi. Odonti'tes, 
JD. Tenuis'simum, © 7,8 mu. si. m—(81) Vulga'ris, 4 5,6 wt. pi—(82) Palus'tre, 4? 7 m—(83) Officina'le, 4 6,7 si. m. p—(84) Sati'va, cf 7 ch. hi—(85) Sphon- 
dy'lium, $ 7 h. mg. fi— (86) Officina'le, O 6,7 fi. p. Max'imum, O 6,7 fi. p— (87) Lanta'na, 5 h. ch. si. O'pulus, ^ 6 mo. sd. pi—(88) K'bulus, 4 7 ws. g. Ni'gra, 6gv. h. 
—(89) Pinna'ta, 6 h. P —(90) Gal'Iica, ^ 7 rk. 9. co—(91) Littora'lis, ©7.89. co. E—(92) Palus'tris, 4 9,10 m—(93) Arme'ria, 4 7,8 rk. s. sb—LimoTiium,4 7,8 mu. s. sh. 
Reticula'ta, 4 7,8 mu. s. sh—(94) Usitatis'simum, O 7 fi. Peren'ne, 6,7 ch. hi. Angustifo'lium, 4 7 sa. ch. pa. Cathart'icum, 0 6..8 d. pa.—(95) Procum'bens, 4 7 
mt. H—(96) Rotundifo'lia, 4 7,8 bg. Longifo'iia, 4 7,8 bg. An'glica, 4 7,8 m. p—(97) Min'imus, © 5 gr. li. 
. O 9 gr. pa—(50) Mariti'mum, 4 
Marit'imus, <? 7.8 9. co.—(54) Daucoi'des, 0 6 ch. fi. 
.—(57) Pec'ten-Ven'eris, © 6,7 fi.—(58) Sati'vum, 0 
6 rd. eg. S,—(60) Flexuo'sum, 21 5,6 gr. si —(61) Latifo'lium, ij 
3 5 p. di. Verticilla'tum, 4 7,8 si. m—(62) Amo'mum, 0 8 mo. 
Cyna'pium, © 7,8 clt. fi—(65) Macula'tu’m, $ 6,7 h. ws. g—(66) Sati'vum, © 6 fi. du—(67) Fistulo'sa, 4 7,8 
pi. Phellan'drium, $ 6,7 r. p—(68) Marit'imum, 4 8 mr. cf.—(69) Olusa'trum, 6 5 ws. g. s. 
Pi- P* 
ch. pa 
0 7 rk 
veins. 
—r> 
104 
90 
Biternatum, when a foot-stalk separates into three, bearing three leaves on each point. 
C'onjugata pinnatum, when a foot-stalk divides, and each pair makes a pinnated leaf. 103 
Decompose turn, when the primary leaf-stalk divides, each division forming a compound leaf. 
Digitatum, when the bases of several leaves rest on one kindred foot-stalk. 75 
Digitato-pinnatum, when four or five simply pinnated leaves are fixed to one foot-stalk. 
Frons-pinnatus, a winged frons of Fern leaf. 96 
Patens, when expanding in a direction nearly horizontal. 126 
Pedatum, when there is some resemblance to the foot of a bird, as in Black Hellebore. 101 
Pinnatum, winged, when a series of leafets, on the same plane, are fixed to one foot-stalk. 100 
Pinnatum chirrosum, winged and terminating with a tendril. 93 
Pinnatum-foliolis-alternis, the leafets placed alternately on the foot-stallc. 
Pinnatum folio lis-decursivis, winged leaf, leafets running down the stem. 
Pinnatum foliolis-interruptis, smaller and greater leafets intermixed. 91 
Quinatum, when five leaves are fixed to one foot-stalk. 
Supra Decompositum. when more than doubly compound 
Ternatum, when three leaves are supported on one foot-stalk. 105 
Ternatum-duplicatum, doubly ternate, or twice three leaves, from one stem. 98 
Ternatu-m sessile, a ternate leaf without foot-stalks. 99 
Trigeminatum, when the former has two leaves at the division of the principal stalk. 
Tripinnatum, when several doubly pinnated leaves are fixed to one common foot-stalk. 106. 
Tripinnatum Abrupturn, triply pinnated, or thrice winged abruptly. 106 
Tripinnatum Terminate, triply pinnate or thrice-winged, terminating with an odd leaf. 92 
Triternatum, triply ternate, or three times three leaves. 102 
Triternatum, when a foot-stalk is divided into three, at each point again divided into three, 
these nine points bearing each three leaves. 
. The following are the parts of Fructification, or the Flowers and Fruit; with that Appendage , sometimes met with in Flowers , termed the Nectariuji. 
Thu Parts of Fructification are seven in number, -viz. the CALYX, COROLLA, STAMINA, PISTILLUM, PERICARPIUM, SEMEN, and RECEPTACLE. These parts of the Flower, afford the most permanent marks or characters ot 
distinction; and may indeed be looked upon as so many vegetable letters inscribed on the physiognomy of plants by the hand ofGod-the knowledge of which may lie acquired with ease and celerity ; and, when rightly understood, will lead, with 
safety and certainty, to the true knowledge of that most extensive volume of Nature’s productions, the Vegetable World. 
Flowers are either single or double, simple or compound. A flower is said to be single when all its parts are distinct and natural; double, when these become monstrous, multiplied, mutilated, or deformed. When a calyx contains only one 
set of stamens and pistils, &c., it is a simple flower ; when a number of florets are contained within one common calyx, it is termed a compound flower. The florets in a compound flower may be either male, female, neuter, or hermaphrodite- 
when the latter, the stamens are five in number, united by their anthers round one pistil. The compound flowers naturally associate themselves into three distinct beautiful orders, viz. the Discoidea , when the florets are all Tubular and 
of equal length, as in Tansy ; Semiflosculosi, when all the florets are Ligulate, or tongue-shaped, like those in Dandelion I and the Radiati, when, like the Mountain Daisy, the florets in the centre are Tubular and those in the margin Ligulate* 
They are distinguished into genera by the figuro and leaves of the calyx, by the structure and appearance of the Receptacle, and by the presence or absence* of down or chaff on its surface, or on the seeds. 
CALY X. 
1st, Tub CALYX, or FLOWER CUP. The empalement or outer covering of the Flower is considered by Linnajus to 
ie the termination of the cortical epidermis or outer bark of the plant; which, after accompanying the trunk through all 
its branches, breaks out with the flower, and is present in the fructification in this new form. The Calyx is mostly of a 
thick coarse substance, and generally gr?en; while the Corolla is a delicate membrane* of a much finer texture, and is 
Dlue, red, or some other colour distinct from that of the leaves or stem of the plant. The use of the Calyx is seemingly to 
enclose, defend, support, and retain in their proper situation, the less hardy but more essential organs of fructification ; 
It differs as to situation, figure, and number of its parts, and is termed accordingly, from its various appearances, 
Amentum, catkin, chaff-like scales, among the flowers, as in Hazel, Willow, Sc c. 131 
Anthodium, or Calyx communis, is a calyx which contains a number of little florets, so as, in 
appearance, to constitute only one flower, as in the Mountain Daisy, Sec. 156 
Auctus sive Calyculatus, a calyx, having a calyx or little cup at the base, as in Dianthus. 162 
Calyptra, a veil, like an extinguisher, as in some Mosses. 142 b. 
Perianthum, when it embraces the flower, as in Rose, Pink, See. 212 a. 
Gluma , a husk, the chaff of Oats, Barley, Wheat, and most Grasses. 137 [161 cc. 
Involucrum, a cover or fence, when standing remote from the flower, as in Scabiosa. 24 Hemlock. 
Spat ha, a sheath bursting lengthways, and allowing the flower-stalks to put forth, as in 
Snowdrop, Narcissus, Sec. 152 b. [133 b. 
Volva, a curtain surrounding the stem and attached to the pileus or top of many of the F ungi. 
Modifications of Cite Calyx. 
Abbreviatus, when considerably shorter than the corolla. 
Caducus, falling off before the flower. Pupaver Somniferum. , 
Deciduus, falling off at the same time with the flower. Tilia Europwa. • 
Dentatus, when the segments on the margin are not deeper than the fourth of the tube. 
Duplex, double, as in Malva, Althea, Sec. 164 
Fissus, when the segments are cut down to the middle of the tube. 
Integer, entire, not cut on the margin. 155 
Monophyllus, consisting of one leaf. 147 Polyphyllum, consisting of two or more leaves, &c. 150 
Partitas, divided beyond the middle and near to the base. 
Persistens, remaining after the flower falls. _ 
~ STAMINA. 
3rd, Thk STAMINA or STAMENS are thread-shaped processes, with little tops, generally surrounding the seed-bud, 
and constituting one of the essential parts of the flower (the male organ), said to be formed of the woody part of the plant, 
consisting of three parts, viz. the Filament, the Anther, and the Pollen. The Stamens vary as to situation, figure, number, 
proportionate lengths, and connexion. 
The FILAMENT is that part which elevates the Anther, and is described in terms suited to its Tlarious appearances, as 
Articulatum, when there are evident joints or commissures. 
Capillare, equal thickness, as fine as a hair. Filiforme , thicker than a hair, thread-like. 173 
/yptfniventia, when the filaments bend to one another at their tops. ■ 
Cuneiforme, compressed, tapering to a point, wedge-like. Dilatatum, broad, widened out. 175 
Declinata, when, without describing a large circle, they turn downwards. 
Geniculatum, bent at the joints like a knee. Incurvum, bent in from the middle, bow-like. 176 
Pedicellatum, when standing on foot stalks, as in Sage. 
Plumosum, feathery— Pilosum, hairy— Nudum, naked— Librum, loose— Connata, joined. 
Subulatum, like an awl, thicker below than above, gradually tapering. 181, 212 e e. 
The ANTHER is that little bag or cellular body, containing the Pollen or fecundating powder, 212 g. which, viewed 
through a magnifying lens, appears hollow, and filled with a subtile fluid, and varying in figure, as 
Adnata, closely attached on both sides to the point of the filament. 174 
Apice dehiscens, opening at the top. Latere dehiscens, opening or bursting at the side. 
Aristata, slender sharp substances, like awns of Barley. 185 Muticus, awnless, beardless. 
Bifida, cleft, as in the Grapes. 184 
Bilocularis, having two cells. Unilocularis, having only one cell. 
Cristata, crested with cartilaginous points on the sides or base. 
Dentata, when there are indentations or teeth on the margin. 183 
Didyma, when double, or like two joined together. 
Globosa, round like a globe. Oblonga, diameter greater one way than the other. 
Hodzontalis, horizontal. Incumbens, lying obliquely on the top of. the filament. 182,212 f f. 
Linearis, when long, flat, and of equal breadth, strap-shaped. 
Peltata, when circular, flat on both sides, and attached by the middle. 
Reniformis, shaped like the kidney of an animal. Sagittata, shaped like an arrow. 
Sessile, sitting, having no filament. Stipitatis, the filament on a foot-stalk. 
Versatilis, movable with the wind or any slight cause. 
p E K x c A R p x D 
5tli, PERICARPIUM is the Seed-Vessel, or developed Seed-Bud, containing the seeds after fecundation. The Re¬ 
ceptacle, or Calyx, performs this office in the Compound Flowers, and in all the Gymnospermia Plants. There are eight 
distinct kinds of seed-vessels described by Linnajus, viz. the 
Bacca, a berry, pulpy without valves, seeds in the pulp, as in Gooseberry. 188 
Capsula, Capsule, a membraneous vessel containing seed, of various shapes and divisions. 190 
Drupa, a pulpy seed-vessel without valves, inclosing a stone, as in Cherry, Plum, Sec. 1S7 
FolliculUs, a distended membrane of one valve, opening at one side. 191 
Ligumen, a membrane of two valves, seeds fixed to one suture, as in Pea. 197 
Potman, a fleshy or pulpy seed-vessel, covering a capsule containing the seed, as in Apple. 19s 
Siliqua, a long pod with two valves, seeds attached to both sutures. 192 
Strobilus, a set of hard-tiled scales, as in the cone of the Fir. 189 
VViildenow adds the following; 
Lomenturiy a two-valved seed-vessel, with cells not opening. 203 
PepOy a succulent fruit, the seeds attached to the rind. 20(5 
Samaray a winged fruit, as in Elm. 202 
Theca, a dry fruit, opening with a lid, 199 ; and Nux, a nut, as in Hazel, Oak, See. 200 
COROLLA. 
2nd, Tun COROLLA—the Wreath, Little Crown, or Blossom—the term given by Linnaius to the beaut mu painted 
leaves of the Flower. The most conspicuous part of the Fruciiiication, standing within, and supported by, the Calyx, is 
an expansion of the inner bark of the plant, generally consisting of three parts, viz. tubus the tube, faux the throat, and 
the limbus or expanded part of the blossom. These parts vary as to figure, situation, number, &c. Flowers may be ol 
one or more petals or blossom-leaves, and are termed Monopetalous, Dipetalous, Tripetalous, Tetrapetalous, Pentapetalous, 
Hexapeta!ous,and Polypetalous. When a flower becomes double it is a monster. Monopktai.ocs Flowers are termed, 
C.ampanulata, rounded at the base, and gradually widening towards the mouth like a bell. 146 
Diformis, when the tube, after expanding, divides into unequal lobes. Lonicera. 
Globosa, when, like a sphere, it widens out gradually to the middle. Vaednium. 144 
Hypocrateriformis, when the tube is long, and the rim flat and broad, like a salver, Ph/ov. 145 
Infundibiliformis, an obverse cone, flat and turned out at the rim like a funnel. Datura. 139 
Ligulata , when a short tube terminates in a long expansion on one side, like a tongue, as in 
Dandelion. 148 
Personata, when the lips of a ringent corolla are ciose shut up, and the stamens and the 
pistils masked. Snap-dragon. 149 
Ringens, a corolla having two segments, like the lips of an animal gaping. Lamium. 159 
Rotuta, when the tube is very short, and the rim flat like a wheel. Verbascian 160 
Tubulosa, when like a hollow pipe of nearly equal diameter throughout. Red Valerian. 165 
Unilabiata, upper or under lip of a ringent corolla is wanting—one-lipped. Ajugu. 167 
Polypetalous Corollas are termed, 
Caryophyllacea, when five petals are shaped and disposed as in Clove, Pink, Sec 166 
Cruciata, when four petals stand opposite to each other, cross-like,as in Stock, Mustard, Sec. 179 
Irregularis, consisting of two or more petals of different lengths and inclinations. 
JAliacea, when plants have one, three, or six petals, three or six stamens, a bulbous root, 
and leaves with longitudinal fibres, as in the Crocus, Lily, Sec. 195 a a. 
Malvacea, when five petals are attenuated downwards, so as to unite, x close at the base, as in 
Mallows, Sec. 164 [the Pea. 177 
Papilionacea, butterfly-shaped, having four petals, the vexillum, carina, and the two alee, a? 
Rosacea when the petals are pretty round and have no claws at the base, like the Rose. 193 
7. HEPTANDTIIA. 
Plants of 7 stamens. There is only 
one native genus in this class. 
8. OCTANDRIA. 
The native plants of this class 
have 8 stamens, and 1,3, or 4 
pistils. Some of the Ericas are 
much admired for their beauty, 
and the Daphne is an active alterative medicine. 
9. ENNEANDRIA. 
Plants of 9 stamens. This class 
contains only one indigenous 
plant. 
10. DECANDRIA. 
The native plants in this class have 
10 stamens, and 1, 2, 3, or 5 pis¬ 
tils. The genus Dianthus has a number of 
beautiful species, the Saponaiia has been 
used with good effect in some diseases as an 
alterative medicine, and the Oxalis yields 
the oxalic acid in a certain state. 
1 Monogynia. 
2 Digynia. 
3 Trigynia. 
4 Polygynia. 
1 Monogynia. 
1 Monogynia. 
2 Trigynia. 
3 Tetragynia. 
1 Hexagynia. 
i 
- (Or 1) 1 Galan'thus, Snow-drop. 2 Leuco'jum, Snow-flake. 3 Narcis'- 
sus, Narcissus, or Daffodil. 4 Al'lium, Gallic. 5 Fritilla'ria, 
Fritillary. 6 Tu'lipa, Tulip. 7 Ornithoga'lum, Star of Bethlehem. 
8 Scil'la Squill. 9 Hyacin'thus, Hyacinth. 10 Anther'icum, Spider- 
wort. 11 Narthe'ciuin. Bog-asphodel. 12 Aspar'agus, Asparagus. 
13 Convalla'ria, Lily of the Valley, and Solomon’s Seal. 14 Ac'orus, 
Sweet Flag. 15 Jun'cus, Rush. 16 Lucio'la, Wood-rush. 17Ber'beris, 
(1) Niva'lis, 4 2 orchd. h.—(2) 
Arena'rium, 4 7 wd. mt. C 
mo. me—(6) Sylves'tris, ll 4 ch. pi 
4 3,4 gv. o>. E. Autumna'lis, 4 9 
na'lis, 4 8 mr. rk—(13) Maja'lis, 4 
as, 4 
iEsti'vum, 4 5 mo. me—(3) Poet'icus, 4 5 sa. pn. Bi'florus 4 4,5 sa, 
7 hi. P . 
4 4 
(Or 2) 
Sorrel. 
{ 
Barberry. 18 Franke'nia Sea-heath. 19 Pep'iis, Purslane 
20 Oxy'ria, Mountain-sorrel. (Or 3) 21 Ku'mex, Dock and 
22 Tofield'ia, Scottish Asphodel. 23 Scheuchze'ria, Scheuchzeria. 
24 Triglo'chin, Arrow-grass. 25 Col'chictim, Meadow-saffron. (Or 4) 
26 Alis'ina, Water-plantain—Contains 86 species, 4 0 81 4 and 1 
(Or 1) 1 Trienta'Iis, Chickweed Wintergreen. Calyx 7 leaved, Corolla 
7 parted, equal flat. Berry one-celled,dry.—Contains 1 species* 
si. Pseu'do-narcis'sus, 4 3 mo. wd. th.—(4) Ampelopra'suni, 4 
larina'tum, 4 7 rk. mt. Olera'ceum# 4 7 fi. Vinea'le, 4 7 ws. g. ch. fi. Ursi'num, 4 5,6 mo. wd. Schcenopra'sum, 4 6 me.—(5) Melea'g 
pits.—(7) Lu'teum, 4 4 gv. p. Pyrenai'cum, 4 6,7 pa. p. Umbelia'tum. 4 4,5 me. pa. Nu'tans, 4 5 d. me. p —(8) Ver'na, 4 4 mr. cf. Bifo'Jia, 
d. pa. Nu'tans, 4 5 gv. th.—(9) Racemo'sus, 4 5 sa. si. wl.—(10) Sero'tinum, 4 6 a. mt. W.— (11) Ossifra'gum, 4 7,8 tu. bg.—(12) (Jffici- 
5 gv. Verticilla'ta, 4 6 mt. wd. S. Polygona'tum, 4 5,6 rk. th. P . Multiflo'ra, 4 5,6 th.—(14) Cal'amus, 4 6 wt. pi.—(15) Acu'tus, 4 7 
sa. s. sh. Marit'imus, 4 8 m. s. Glau'cus, 4 7 mo. pa. Conglomera'tus, 4 7 mo. pi. Etfu'sus, 4 7 mo, pi. Filifor'mis* 4 8 mo. a. pa. Arc'ticus, U 7,8 a. co. S. p. Trif'idus, 
4 7 a. bg. S. Squarro'sus, 4 6,7 bg. he. Compres'sus, 4 7 mo. pa. Coeno'sus, 4 7 si. m. Ges'neri, 4 7 mt. S. BufFo'nius, © 7,8 mo. sa. he. Uligino'sus, n 6,7 mo. he. Sub- 
verticilla'tus, 4 7,8 wt. pi. Capita'tus, O 5..7 sa. g. p. Biglu'mis, 4 8 mt. rv. p. Triglu'mis, 4 7 a. rv. Casta'neus, 4 7 H. S. Acutiflo'rus, U 6 wt. wd. Lampocarp'us, 4 6,7 
mo. me. Obtusiflo'rus, 4 7,8 in. Polyceph'alus, 4 7 ? H. S—(16) Pilo'sa, 4 3,4 gv. th. Fors'teri, 4 5 gv. Sylvat'ica, 4 5,6 wd. th. Campes'tris, 4 4,5 ha. pa. Conges'ta, 
4 6 tu. m. Spica'ta, 4 7 8a. mt. Arcua'ta, 4 7 ba. mt. S.—(17) Y f ulga'ris, ^ 5,6 h. ch. hi—(18) Loe'vis, 4 7 mu. si. m. Pulverulen'ta, 07 ?. co. E. p—(19) For'tula, • 7,8 in. 
—(20) Renifor'mis, 4 6 mt. rv—(21) Sangui'neus, 4 7 sd. pi. ws. g. Cris'pus, 4 6,7 pa. ws. g. Acu'tus* 4 7 ws. wt. pi. Obtusifo'lius, 4 7,8 ws. g. Ful'cher, 4 8 gr. pa. 
Mariti'mus, 4 7,8 m.s. Palus'tris, 4 7,8 di. Hydrola'pathum, 4 7,8 di. rv. Aceto'sa, 4 6 me. pa. Acetosel'la, 4 6,7 cl. gr. fi—(22) Palus'tris, 4 8 mt. rv—(23) Palus'tris, 
4 6 sp. bg. V. p .—(24) Palus'tre, 4 7 wt. pi. Marit'imum, 4 5..8 mu. si. m.—(25) Autumna'le, 4 9 me.—(26) Planta'go, 4 7 wt. pi. Damaso'nium, 4 6,7 di. P . Nat'ans, 
4 7,8 mt. Ik. p. Ranunculoi'des, 4 8 bg. Ite'pens, 4 9,10 lk. W. 
-to 
r l) 1 (Enoth era, Evening-primrose. 2 Epiio'bium, 
3 ( hlo'ra, Yellow-woit. 4 Vaccin'iutn, Whorile-berry. 
6 Callu'na. Ling. 
Willow-herb. 
5 Menzie'sia. 
7 Er'ica, Heath. 8 Daph'ne. Mezereon. 
onum, Persicaria, Bistort, Knot- < 
Menziesia 
9 A cer, Maple. (Or 2) 10 Polyg' 
grass, and Buckwheat. (Or 3) 11 Pa'ris, Herb Paris. 12 Adox'a, 
Moschatell. ISiEJaCine, WaterworU—Contains 38 species, 9 O 
15 4 and 13 *. 
1 
(1) Europte'a, 4 5,6 wd. mt. he. Plant about a span high, leaves lanceolate-ovate, flowers of a snowy white. 
(1) Bien'nis, $ 7..9 sa. b. c o. E.—(2) Angustifo'lium, 4 7 me. sd. pi. Hirsu'tum, 4 7 w 
go'num, 4 7 m. Palus'tre, 4 7 m. Alsinifo'lium, 4 7 mo. el. pi. Alpi'num, z 6,7 a. r 
Vitis ldaj'a, ^ 6 hi. st. he. Oxyco'ccus, 6 tu. bg.—(5) Cairu'lea, * 6,7 be. S. p. 
Cine'rea, 7,8 tu. he. Vag'ans, 7,8 C. Cilia'ris, *> 7,8 bg. he. C.—(8) Mezere'uir 
^ 5,6 h. th.—(10) Amphib'ium, 4 7,8 p. di. Persica'ria, 0 7.8 p. m. Lapathifo'liui 
me. pa. Vivip'arum, 4 6,7 el. me. pa. Avicula're, © 4.. 10 ws. g. Fago'pyrum, C 
gv. th.—(13).Tripet'ala, 0 7,8 mg. p. 
S (Or 1) 1 Bu'tomus. Flowering-rush. Calyx, Involucre simple, 3 leaved, \ (1) Umbella'tus, 4 6,7 p. Leaves linear, flowering stem about three feet high, flowers of a rose colour; this is rather a stately beautiful aquatic, 
i Cor. 6 petalled, Capsu.is G, seeds many—Contains 1 species. 5 
II. DODECANDRIA. 
Plants from 11 to 19 Stamens, and 
1, 2, 3, or 12 pistils. 
12. ICOSANDRIA. 
This class consists of hermaphrodite 
plants, with 20 or more stamens 
lixed in the calyx . They produce 
our most esteemed fruits;" and no poisonous 
fruit has yet been found where the parts of 
the flower correspond with the characters of 
this class. 
13. POLYANDRIA. 
onging to this class 
rodite, and have 20 
PISTILLU M. 
4th, The PISTILLUM or PISTIL, the female, or second essential organ of the Flower, consisting of three parts, viz 
the Germen or rudiment of the future fruit; the Stylus, the style or shaft, seated on the Germen; and the Stigma or ioj 
of the style; covered in general with numerous inhaling tubercles, in most plants only visible through the microscope, anc 
may vary in number, figure, &c. The GERMEN or Seed-bud is 
Angiospermiay the seeds contained in a covering. Gymnospermia , the seeds naked. 
Germen in/erum , sive Jlos superuSy when the germen is below the calyx and corolla. 
Germen superum, sive //os infer us, when the germen is above the calyx or corolla. 212 
Monospermuniy one ; bispermay two; Tetrasperma , four; Polysperma, many seeds. 
Prdiccllatumy when furnished with a foot stalk. 169 ^ — 
Sessile, sitting, when the seed-bud has no foot stalk. 1SG 
The STYLE or Shaft may be 
Capillaris, slender, like a hair of equal thickness. 
Clavatus, when thicker above than below, club-shaped. 212 c. 
Crassus, gross, when very thick and short. 
Deciduus, falling off immediately after impregnation. 
Dicliotomus, divided into two branches, each of which is again divided. 
Lateralis, attached to the side of the germen. Terminalis, standing at top of the germens. 
Marcescens, first withering, and then falling off. Persistens, when it does not fall oil'. 
Multifidus, many-cleft. Setaceus, slender, but rigid like a bristle 
Subulatus, thicker below than above, and sharp-pointed like an awl. 
The STIGMA or Summit may be 
Acutum, terminating in a sharp point. Obtusum, terminating in a blunt point. 
Capitatum, headed, when globular or hemispherical. 
Concavum, when hollow in the top, like the Violet. 
Convolution, when the divisions are rolled inwards. 
Dentatum, when set with fine teeth. 
Emarginatum, when flat and notched on the summit. 
Pencilliforme, consisting of thick close fleshy fibres, like a pencil. 
Petaloideum, when it has the appearance of a petal. 170 
Revolution, the divisions rolled backwards. Spiralis, when rolled up like a watch spring. 
Uncinatum, hooked at the point. Trifidum, three-cleft. 212 d. 
The plants bel 
are hermaph 
or more stamens fixed in the re • 
cenacle ,—the situation or insertion of the 
stamens constitutes the essential ar.d charac¬ 
teristic distinction between the 12th and 
13th classes; particular attention should be 
piur utanuQ , n g fho 
e plants in th<Tl3ih class are 
poisonous. 
14. DIDYNAMIA. 
This class consists of plants with four 
stamens, two longer than the 
other two, and one pistil. The or¬ 
ders are formed upon the presence or ab¬ 
sence of a covering to the seeds—the flowers 
in the first order are ail ringent—in the 
second order, they are most frequently per¬ 
sonate, or resupinate. The virtues of the 
Gymnospermious plants reside principally 
in their leaves; they are aromatic, cepha¬ 
lic, and resolvent—the plants in Angio- 
spermia possess active medicinal properties, 
some of them, as the Digitalis, are poison¬ 
ous, in very small doses, and the rest 
require to be administered with caution. 
Monogynia. 
Digynia. 
Trigynia. 
Pentagynia. 
Monogynia. 
Digynia. 
Trigynia. 
Dodecagynia. 
1 Monogynia. 
2 Pentagynia. 
3 Polygynia. 
Monogynia. 
Pentagynia, 
Polygynia. 
1 Gymnospermia. 
2 Angiospermia. 
(Or 1) 1 Monotro'pa, Bird’s-nest. 2 Androm'eda, Andromeda. 3Arbu'tus, 
Strawberry-tree, Bear-berry. 4 Pyro'la, Winter-green. [Or 2) 
5 Chrysosple'nium Golden-saxifrage. 6 Saxifra'ga Saxifrage* 
7 Scleran'thus, Knawel. 8 Sapona'ria. Soapwort. 9 Dian'thus, Pink. 
[Or 3) 10 Sile'ne. Catchfly or Campion. 11 Stella'ria. Stitchwort. < 
12 Arena'ria, Sandwort. 13 uherle'na, Cyphel. (Or 4) 14 Cotyle'don. 
Navelwort. 15 Se'dum, Stonecrop. 16 0x'alis Wood sorrel. 17 Agrol 
stem'ma. Cockle. 18 Lych'nis, Lychnis. 19 Ceras'tium, Mouse-ear- 
Chickweed. 20 Sper'gula, Spurrey—Contains 106 species, 20 0 79 4 
and 4 
(Or 1) 1 As'arum, Asarabacca. 2 Lyth'rum Purple Loosestrife. (Or 2) 
3 Agrimo'nia, Agrimony. (Or 3. 4 Rese'da, Rocket. (Or 4) 5 Sem- 
pervi'vum, Houseleek.—Contains.7 species, 3 0 and 4 4. 
(Or 1) 1 Pru'nus, Plum and Cherry. (Or 2) 2 Mes'pilus, Hawthorn and 
Medlar. 3 Py'rus, Pear, Apple, and Service. 4 SpiraFa, Spiraea, 
Dropwort, and Meadow-sweet. (Or 3) 5 Ro sa, Rose. 6 Ru'bus, 
Bramble and Raspberry. 7 Fraga'ria, Strawberry. 8 Potentii'la, » ( 
Cinquefoil or Potentilla. 9 Tormentil'la. Tormentil. 10 Ge'um, 
Avens. 11 Dry'as Dryas. 12 Com'arum, Marsh-cinquefoil_Contains 
72 species, 23 4 and 49 
(Or 1) 1 Actai'a Bane-berries. 2 Chelido'nium, Celandine. 3Glau'cinm, 
Horned-poppy. 4 Papa'ver, Poppy. 5 NymphaFa, White Water- 
lily. 6 Nu'phar, Yellow Water-lily. 7 Til'ia, Lime-tree. 8 Cist us, 
Cistus. (Or 2) 9 Paso'nia, Piony. 10 Delphin'ium, Larkspur. 
1L Aconi'tum, Wolf’s-bane. or Monkshood. 12 Aquile'gia, Columbine. 
13 Straiio'tes, Water-soldier. (Or 3) 14 Anemone, Anemone. 
15 Ciem'atis, Traveller's-Joy. 16 Thalic'trum, Meadow-Rue, 
(1) Hypo'pitys, U 6 pr. rt. of beech & fir.—(2) Polifo'lia, * 6 ms. bp.—(5) U'nedo, >? 9 c. rk. I. Alpi'na, $ 5rk. mt. U'va ur si, ’r 6 a. st. he.-(4) Rotundifo'lia, 5! 7.8 hi. bu. pi. P . 
Me'dia, Jl 7 »/. wd. P . Mi'nor, ll 7 v. wd. Secun'da, U 7 a. wd. Uniflo'ra, U 7 mo. a. wd.—(5) Alternifo'lium, ti 6 sd. rv. P . Oppositifo'lium, U 5 sd. wt. pi—(6) Ge'um, X 6 
mt. I. Hirsu'ta, ti 6 mt. Ir. Umbro'sa, U 6 mt. Stelia ris, U 6,7 a. rv. Niva'lis, tt 7 a. mt. Oppositifo'ha, U 4 a. rk. Hir'cuius, H8 tu. bg. P . Aizoid'es « 7,8 ml. rv. 
Granula'ta, if b me. Cer'nua, U 7 a. rv. Rivula'ris, U 6,7 a. rv. Tiidactyli'tes, © 5 wl. Aluscoi'des. U 5 a. rk. Pygmffi'a.U 6,7 H. S. ( Kspito'sa, tt 5,6 mt. W. 1. Hir'ta, U 
6,7 a. rk. Affi'nis, j. 5,6 mt. I. Piatvpet'ala, fi 6 mt. Incurvifo'lia, fi 6 ? hi. rk. I. Denuda'ta, fi 6 ? Gr. mt. Hypnoi'des, tt 5,0 rk. mt. ElongePIa.W 6 mt. S. Leptophyl'ht, 
L 6 ? mt. W. Lajte'virens, fi 6 ? mt. S. Pedatif'ida, fi 5,6 H. S_(7) An'nuus, © 7 sa. fi. Peien'nis. 4 10.11 sa. pn.—(8) Officina'lis, 4 f,y me. h.-(9) Arme'ria, © 7,8 gr. si. 
Pro lifer, © 7 gr. pa. P . Caryophyl'lus, fi 7 o. wl. Deltoi'des, fi 7..10 gr. pa. Cae'sius, fi 6,7 d. rk. p.—(10) An'glica,© 7 sa. fi. Quinquevul'nera, © 6,7 sa. fi. Infla'ia. fi 7 fi. 
Mariti'ma, fi 8,9 st. s. co. Co'nica, 0 7 sa. fi. Noctiflo'ra, 0 7 sa. si. Arme'ria, © 7,8 fi. b-Nut'ans. fi 6,7 c. 
(11) Nem'orum,fi 5,6 mo. v. wd. Me'dia, © 4..10 ws. clt. g. Holos'tea, fi 5 d. wd. 
gera, fi 6 rv. S. Cerastoi'des, fi 6 H. S.—(12) Peploi'des, fi 6 7 s. co. Triner’vis, © 5, 
new quarries. Rubel'la, tt 6 H. S. Fastigia'ta, © 6 mt. S. Cilia'ta, fi 8 mt. I. Ru'bra, 
»6,7 mo. rk. o. wl. Lu'tea, 2 6 mo. rk. o. wl.—(15) Tele'phium, fi 8 fi. bu. pi. Dasyphyl' ,, ,. „ _ . „ 
o. wl. sa. g. P . Villo'sum, fi 6,7 wt. mt. Al'bum, v 7 rk. wl. P . Reflex'um. fi 7 wl. rf. Glau'cum, L_7,8 sa. g. Rupes'tre, fi 7 rk. f . lorsteria'iium, fi 7 rk. \V.—(16) 
Acetosel'la, fi 4,5 sd. pi. C’ornicula'ta, fi 5..10 ws. sd 
X 5..9 fi. h.—(19) Vulga'tum, © 4,5 fi. ws. g. Visco'sum 
pi—(17) Githa'go, © 6,7 fi.-(18) Flos Cu'culi, 21 6 mo. me. Visca'ria, fi 5,6 rk. 
oi, fi 5..9 pa. ws. g. Semidecan'drum, © 4,5 ws. sa. g. letran drum, ©5,6 sa. g. 
>. Alpi'na, fi 6,7 a, 
Arven'se, 2, 5..8 gr. 
S. Dioi'ca 
Alpi'num, 
- w,.,/ u, 11,-^131 V muev’lUIlli yy 't.U II. Wa« !'• V iauo Mini, ** KJ..H ya. ns. g. .jviiuucuui u.u..., v A . ’ X ° -. I ’ T ,- O ' % 
fi 6,7.a. rv. Latifo'lium, ?) 6 mt. Aquat'icum, fi 7 wt. pi—(20) Arven'sis, © 7,8 sa. cn. fi. Nodo'sa, fi 7,8 mo. sa. g. Sagiuoi'des, fi 6 mt. S. faubula ta, U 7.8 sa. he. 
O 7 ws. ch. g. Lu'tea, O ? 7,8 ws. g 
(1) Europai'um, 4 5 
ch. hi—(5) Tecto' 
wd. P —(2) Salica'ria, 4 7,8 wt. pi. Hyssopifo'lium, O 8 wt. pi. p.—(3) Eupato'ria, 4 6,7 h. th.—(4) 1 ute'ola, 
4 7 rf. wl. 
(1) Pa dus, ^ 5 wd. h./Ce'rasus, 5 wd. h. Domes'tica, ^ 4 h .. .. . 
? 7 c. rk. YV—(3) Commu'nis, v 5 wd. h. Mal'us, *; 5 wd. fi. Tormina'lis, 4,5 wd. h. Domes'tica, ^ 5 mt. wd 
J 5 ch. mt.—(4) Salicifo lia, V 7 bg. mt. Filipen'dula, 4 7 d. el. pa. Ulma'ria, 4 6,7 bg. pa—(5) ( innamo'mea, 5 wd. Y 
£ 7 sa. he. Involu'lia. 6 a>. S. Donia'na, h 6,7 mt. S. Grac'ilis, J? 7,8 th. v. E. Sabi'ni, b 7 mt. th. Villo'sa, ^ 6 bu. mt 
E ----- * 
Rubigino'sa, ^ 6,7 -Si. bu. pi. Micran'tha, $ 6,7 th. 
Fors'teri, b 6,7 h. liber'nica, 6..11 th. I. Cani'na, 6 
fo'lius, ^ 7,8 wd 
Corylifo'lius, q7 Y 
(8) Frutico'sa, ^ 6 i 
Ai'ba, '4 7,8 mt. YV 
num, 4 5..8 wd 
a. 
• P—(2) Ma'jus. 21 5,6 ws 
p. Du'bium, 0 6,7 fi. light si. Rhce'as,'© 6,7 fi. cm. Bomnif'erum, <• 7 li. ws. g. Cam'bricum, li 6 rk. mt —(5) Ai'ba, 4 7 p. r—(6) Lu'tea, 4 7 r. p. 
H. i.—(7) Europas'a,7 wd. Grandifo'iia, b 6,7 wd. h. Parvifo'lia, 8 wd.—(8) Marifo'lius, b 5,6 a. rk. p. Gutta'tus, O 6 7 sa. pa. P . Ledifo'lius, © 6,7 
'nii s b 7,8 ch. hi. p. Helian'themum, b 7,8 ch. gr. hi. Tomento'sus, b 7*mt. S. Poiifo'lius, b 6,7 st. hi. s. p—(9) Coral'lira,4 5,6 isles Severn.—(10) Conso'lida, 
. th.—(13) Aloi'des, 4 7 p. di—(14) Pulsatil'la, 4 4,5 ch. pa. Nen oro'sa, 4 4 th. Apenni'na, 4 4 gv. p. 
'num. 4 6 mo. a. pa. Mi Ws, 4 6,7 ch. pa. Ma jus, 4 6,7 mt. th. 
12) Palus'tre, 4 6,7 sp 
sd. g.—(3) Lu'teum, O 7,8 sa. s. sh 
Ciem'atis, Traveller's-Joy. 16 Thalic'trum, 
17 Ado'nis, Pheasant’s-eye. 18 Ranun'culus, Crowfoot, or Ranuncu¬ 
lus. 19 Trol'lius. Globe-flowe r. 20 H eUe b'oms. Hp IIpLq^ oi roi',h a 
Ai arah-Inangoicl.—con rains ou s pecies; io* n and 7u 7. 
i'tachys, b 7,8 wd. th. Glandulo 
Caj'sius, 7 6,7 wd. h. Saxat'ilis, h 6 d 
th. p. Anseri'na, 4 6,7 sp. 
_ tans, 4 6 .8 me. pa. T 
Riva'le, 4 6,7 mo. wd.—(11) Octopet'aia, 4 7,8 st 
(1) Spica'ta, 5,6 
mo'ne, 
Pu'mila. 
sa. pa. p. Surreja 
G) 6,7 sa. fi.—(l 1) rjapel'lus, 4 6,7 wt. pi—(12) Vulga'ris, i\ 7 me 
Ranunculoi'des, 4**gv. p .—(15) Vital'ba, b 7 h. ch. si—(16).Alpi'num, u tj mo. a. pa 
lis, O 5..10 cn. fi.—118) Flam'mula, 4 6.-9 wt. pi. Ling'ua, 4 7 m. Gramin'eus# 4 5,6 a. 
is, 4 5 a. rv.S. Bulbo'sus, 4 5 me. pa. Hirsu'tns, O 
Insiti'tia, b 4 h. gv. Spino'sa, b 3,4 h. th.—(2) Oxyacan'tha, b 5,6 h. th. German'ica, * 5 h. Cotoneas'ter, 
li* v, a r. u „*/♦;,.* h A wH p . Aucupa'ria, b 5 mt. wd. PinnatiPida, ^ 5 mt. A'ria, 
dt. natv. Rubel'la, b 7 sa. s. co. Spinosis'sima, 
.. .. „ Tomento'sa, b 6,7 h. ih. Sherar'di, b 6,7 h. th. 
Borre'ri, b 6,7 h. th/Cae'sia, V 7 H. S. Sarmenta'cea, b 6,7,h. th. Bractes'cens,^ 6,7 h. th. Dumeto'rum, 6 h. 5. 
1,7 h. wd. th. Sy'styla, b 6,7 h. th. Arven'sis, b 7 h. fi.—(6) Frutico'sus, b 7,8 h. th. Plica'tus, b 7 h. Khatnni- 
'sus, b 7,8 wd. th. Nit'idus, b 7,8 wd. th. Afi'nis, b 7.8 wd. th. Suberec'tus, b 7,8 mt. th. Idai'us, b 5,6 wd. tin 
5 d. st. mt. Arc'ticus, 4 5,6 st. mt. Chamremo'rus, 4 6 tu. a. bg.—(7) Ves'ca,4 5,6 gv. Ela'tior, 6..9 gv. 5. E— 
mo. si. Rupes'tris, 4 6,7 a..rk. p. Argen'tea, i. 6 gr. si. Alpes'tris, 4 7 mt. Ver'na, 4 4,5 el. pa. Opa'ca, 6 mt. S. 
ridenta'ta, 4 6,6 mt. S. Fragarias'trum, 4 3,4 d. pa—(9) Officina'lis# 4 6,7 ba. pa. he. Rept'ans, 4 6,7 h. p—(10) Urba'- 
Viola'cenm, 0 5,6 fi. p.—(4) Hyb'ridum, 0 7 fi. P . 
Phoenic'eum, 0 6,7 
sa. fi 
Arge- 
Ida'vum, 4 7 wt. me—(17) Autumna'- 
a. Fica'ria, 4 4 me. pa. Aurico'mus, 44,5 d. gv. Scelera'tus, 06.-8 wt. pi. 
8me.sd.pl. A'cris, U 6,7 me. pa. Arven'sis, O 6 fi. Parviflo'rus, O 5,6 gr. fi. 
**' ' ll V’ *.' M Mn ' Knropjj.'us... 5.6 sd. mt. sit—(20) Y'ir'idis, 4 4 wd. ch. si. F(bVldll8, 4 5,4 th. ch. si.—(21) Palus'tris, 21 5 m. pi 
itadTcans, 4 6 in. y .. o. - - 
Alpes'tris, 
6.. 10 ws. clt. g. Re'pens, 
a. pj 
4 6. 
f 
13 
15. TETRADYNAMIA. 
Plants of 6 Stamens, 4 long and 2 
RECEPT ACULUM. 
7th, ’Inn RECEPTACULUM or RECEPTACLE, the place upon which the other parts of the Flower rest; it may be 
proper or common, bearing one or more flowers; it may be flat or spherical, dry or bard, soft or fleshy, smooth or covered 
with hair; and is sometimes the esculent part of the fruit, as in the Strawberry, &c-, and is termed 
Apiculatum, when covered with fleshy erect short points, prickly. 
Conicum, rising to a point in the centre. 190 Planum, flat 207 a 
Convexum, somewhat elevated in the centre. 102 
Favosum, when pits, like the cells of a honeycomb, coyer the surface. 
Glabrum, smooth, destitute of hairs or points. 
Palcaceum, when set with scales or short leaves like chaff. 
Pilosum, set with short stiff hairs. Villosum, set with long soft hairs. 
Placenta, the place to which the individual seeds adhere. 
Punctatum, when the surface is covered with small punctures. 
Scorhiculatum, when there are deep round pits on the surface. 
Setaceum, covered with rigid bristles. Palcaceum, covered with small leaves or scales. 
Tuberculatum, when covered with small round eminences, or warty-like substances. 
Variion, when the centre is smooth, and the rim chaffy, hairy, or prickly. 
SEMEN. 
6th, The SEMEN, or SEED, is the essence of every fruit, and the rudiment of a new vegetable, rendered fertile by the 
aspersion of the Pollen. The parts of the Seed are the [20i 
Ala, a membrane or wing found attached to the back or margin of some seeds, or seed vessels 
Arillus, an ill-defined membrane, covering the seed, and sometimes the pericarpium. 
Corculum, the little heart, 210 b. consisting of the rostellum, 210 c. and plumula, 210 d. the 
former descends into the earth and becomes the root, and the latter ascends and become.- 
the stem. 
Coronula, a little crown or pappus, attached to the seed of the compound flowers. 
Cotyledoncs, the seed-lobes, changing at germination into leaves. 210 a a. 
Hilum, an external scar or mark, indicating the place of the corculum. 210 e e. 
Tunica externa, the outer. Tunica interna, the inner integuments or coverings of the seeil. 
PAPPUS, clown, a feathery or hairy crown on the seeds of most compound flowers. 
Capillaris vel Pilosus, when very fine, like hairs. 
Paleaceus, chaff-like scales or small leaves on the top of the seed. 
Plumosii9, down divided like a feather. Tragopogon. 178 172 
Sessilis, sitting on the seed without foot-stalk. 201 Stipitatus, supported by a little foot-stalk. 
Setaceus, when covered with rigid bristles. Centaurca Nigra. 180 
NECTARIU M. 
Thkhe is still another important organ met with frequently in Flowers, called the NECTARIUM, or Honey-Cup ; the 
office of which seems to be the secreting or containing the honey of the flower, and affords the best marks of generic diy 
tinction. The principal diversities, inform or situation, of this striking appendage may be embraced in the followi 
varieties. 
Barba, short hairs or soft bristles at the opening of the calyx or corolla. Thymus. 203 
Calcaratum, when shaped like a cockspur, as in March Violet,ftc. 194 
Corniculation, whCn shaped and crooked like a horn. Delphinium. 209 
Cucullum, a hollow bag or hood, as in Aconitnm. 204 
Cyathiforme, when formed like a cup, embracing the germen. Narcissus. 195 b. 
Favosum, when honeycombed, or having pits like a honeycomb. Fritillaria. [205 
Fornix, the arch, a small elongation on the tube or throat of the corolla, as in Anchusa. 
Glandulce Nectariferw, small glands or round bodies giving out honey. Cruciform ftouers . 
Plication , plaited, when some part of the corolla is folded inwards. Staticw. 
Pori Nectariferi, small holes or pores giving out honey, as in Hyacinth. 
Staminiforme, an appearance like stamens, as in Parnasia Palustris. 
'SquaiiKE Nectariferce, small scales that secrete honey, as in Ranunculus. 211 
short, and 1 pistil, which turns 
into a two-valved pericarp, call¬ 
ed a Siliqua; some of these pe- 
ricarps are long, and retain the 9 
name siliqua, others are>hort, round, or flat, 
and receive the name of silicle, and upon 
this distinction of their seed-pods, t:.e orders 
are formed. 
16. MONADELPHIA. 
The plants in this class have the fila 
ments of their stamens united into 
one set. The marsh and common 
Mallows are used as demulcents in Dysen¬ 
tery, Dyarrhcea, Gonorrhea. Calculus. &e. 
17. DIADELPHIA. 
The plants in this class have their 
stamens in two sets, of which the 
first genus is an excellent example; but 
there are five of the genera strictly Mona- 
delphous in the union of their stamens, and 
the other genera have one stamen separate 
from the rest on the upper surface of the 
4 pistil. 
18. POLY AD ELPHI A. 
The plants of this class are hermaphro¬ 
dite, and their stamens are united 
into three or more sets. There is 
but ore British genus. 
19. SYNGENESIA. 
1’his class is composed of compound 
flowers, consisting of many little \ 
florets within one common calyx ; when 
these are hermaphrodite they have five sta¬ 
mens united by their anthers into a cylinder, 
round one pistil. Some of the florets are 
tubular, others ligulate, some hermaphro¬ 
dite, some female, and others neuter. Our 
British genera are embraced by Dr Smith, 
in three orders; viz. 1st. those where the 
little florets are all hermaphrodite, ex. 
Thistle; 2d. those where the florets in the 
disk are hermaphrodite, and those in the ray, 
female, ex. Mountain Daisy ; the 3d, where 
the florets in the disk are hermaphrodite, 
and those in the circumference, neuter, ex. 
Blue Bottle. 
20. GYANDRIA. 
1 he plants of this class bear flowers# 
with stamens situated on the style, _ __ 
or upon a receptacle stretched out m torm 
of a style which supports both stamens and 
pistils. There is a preparation of the root of 
the Orchis Mascula, which is an article of 
diet, and accounted very nutritious. Dioseo- 
rides, and many others since his time, affirm 
that thisreot possesses aphrodisiac qualities, 
and hence one of its names, Satyrion. 
21. MONCECIA. 
The Mor.cecious, or one-house 
plants, have their stamens in one 
flower, and their pi>tils on a se 
perate flower on l the same plant.—the orders 
are from the number and connexion of the 
stamens,—besides a number of herbaceous 
plants, some of the most beautiful and useful 
of our forest trees belong to this class. 
22. DKECIA. 
The Dioecious, or two-house 
plants, are male and female, 
the stamens are found in the flowers of one 
plant, and the pistils in the flowers cf 
another,—the orders are from the number 
and connexion of the stamens. Some soft- 
wooded, quick growing plants belong to this 
class, as the willow, ana the poplar/ 
Silictilosa. 
Siliquosa. 
Or 1)1 A'juga, Bugle. 2 Teu'cvium, Germander. 3 Nepe'ta, Cat- 
mint. 4 Y'erbe'na, Y'ervain. 5 Men tha. Mint. 6 Glecho'ma, Ground- 
ivy. 7 Lam'ium, Dead-nettle. 8 Galeop'sis Hemp-nettle. 9 Galeob'- 
dolon, YVeasel-snout. 10 Beton'ica, Betony. 11 Stach'ys, YYound- 
wort. 12 Ballo'ta, Black Horehound. 13 Marru'bium, YY'hite Hore- 
hound. 14 Leonu'rus, Mother-wort. 15 Clinopo'dium, Wild Basil. 
16 Orig'anum, Marjoram. 17 Thym'us, Thyme. 18 Melit'tis, Bastard 
Balm. 19 Scutellaria, Skull-cap. 20 Prunel'la, Self heal, or Slough- 
heal. (Or 2) 21 Bart'sia. Bartsia. 22 Rhinan'thus, Yellow-rattle. 
23 Euphra'sia. Eye-bright. 24 lYlelampy'rum, Cow-wheat. 25 Lathrai'a. 
Toothwort. 26 Pedicula'ris, Lousewort. 27 Antirrhi'num, Snap¬ 
dragon. 28Scrophula'ria. Figwort. 29 Digita'lis, Foxglove. 30 Linme'a. 
Linnasa. 3L Sibthox'pia. Sibthorpia. 3 1 Limosel'la. Mud wort. 
33 Oroban'clie, Broom-rape.—Contains 87 species, 25 O 2 $ and 60 4. 
- (Or 1) 1 Vel'la, Cress-rocket. 2 Subula'ria, Awlwort. 3 Dra'ba, YVhit- 
low-grass. 4 Alys'sum, Alyssum. 5 Cameli'na, Gold of Pleasure. 
6 Lepicl'ium, Pepperwort. 7 Hutchins'ia, Hutchinsia. 8 Teesda lia, 
Teesdalia. 9 Thias'pi, Shepherd’s Purse. 10 Cochiea'ria, Scurvy- 
grass. 11 Senebie'ra, YVait-cress. 12 lber'is, Candy-tuft. 13 
. isa'tis, YVoad. 14 Cak'ile, Sea Koeket. 15 Cram'be. Kale. (Or 2) 
^ 16 Denta'ria, Coral wort. 17 Cardami'ne, Ladies’-smock. 18 Nastur'- 
tium, Cress. 19 Sisym'brium. Hedge-mustard. 20 Barbare'a, 
YY^ in ter-cress. 21 Erysi'mum, Treacle-mustard. 22 Cheirant'hus, 
Wall-flower. 23 Matthio'la, Stock. 24 Hes'peris, Dame’s-violet. 25 
Ara'bis. Wall-cress, or Rock-cress. 26 Turr'itis, 1 ower-mu^lard. 27 
Bras'sica, Cabbage Turnip,&c. 28 Sina'pis, Mustard. 29 Raph'anus, 
Radish.—Contains 71 species, 54 0 13 S 23 4 and 1 
(1) Rep'tans, tt 5 mo. vd. Alpi'na, 4 7 mt. Pyramida'lis, 5,6 H. S. Chamasp'itys, O 4,5 sa. fi—(2) Scorodo'nia, 4 7 wd. th. Scor'Hium, 4 7.8 wt. me. P . Chamai'drys, 
4 7 o. wl—(3) Cata na, 4 7 ch. gr. b—(4) Officina'lis, 4 7 ws. g—(5) Sylves'tris, 4 8,9 mo. ws. g. Kotundifo lia. 4 8,9 mo. ws. g. JY'ir'idis, 4 8 in. pi. Piperi'ta, 4 8#9 
wt. pi. Citra'ta, 4 • 73 wt. pi. P . Hirsu'ta, 4 8,9 wt. pi. Acutifo'lia, 4 9 wt. pi. P . Ru'bra. 4 9 di. wt. pi. Genti'lis, 4 8 wt. pi. p. firac'BK, 8 wt. pi. Arven'sis, tt 6..9 
wt.fi. Agres'tis, fi. E. Pule'gium, 4 9 wt. cm.—(6) Hedera'cea, 4 4,5 gv. h.—(7) Al'bum, 4 5..9 ws.g. Macula'tum,4 4 b. , Purpure'um, © 5..9 ws. clt. g. 
Inci'sum, 0 5 sa. fi. Amplexicau'le, O 2..6 fi. light si—(8) Lada'num, O 8,9 ch. fi. Villo'sa, O 7,8 sa. fi. Tetra'hit, © 7,8 fi. Versic'olor, © 7,8 sa. fi—(9) Lu'teum, 4 5 
mo. sd. pi—(10) Offcina'lis, 4 7,8 wd. th—(11) Sylvat'ica, 4 7,8 wd. gv. Ambig'ua, 4 9 ws. clt. g. S. Palus'tris, 4 8 mo. pi. Gern an'ica, 4 7 c. si. P . Arven'sis, © 7,8 
gr. fi—(12) Ni'gra, ; 7,8 ws. g—(13) Vulga're# 4 7 ws. g—(14) Oardia'ca, 4 7,8 h.—(15) Vulga're, 4 8 ch. gr. si—(16) Vulga're, 7,8 bu. ch. pi.—(17) Serpyl'li 
gr. si—(16) Vulga're, ^ 7,8 bu. ch. pi.—(17) Serpyl'lum, 4 
7,8 he. A'cinos, 0i ,8 sa. fi. ~ Caiamin'tha, 4 7,8 gr. si. Ne'peta, 8 d. ch. b—(18) Meli'ssophyl'lum, 4 5,6 wd. Grandiflo'ra, 4 5 v 1—(19) Galericula'ta, 4 7,8 di. wt. pi. 
Mi'nor, 4 8 wt. gr pi.—(20) Vulga'ris, 4 7,8 me. pa—(21) Alpi'na, 4 7 a. rv. p. Visco'sa, 0 7,8 m. Odonti'tes, © 7,8 me. pa.—(22) Tis'ta-gal'li, 0 6 pa. Ma'jor, O 7 fi— 
(23) Officina'lis, © 7,.9 he. pa—(24) Crista'tum, O 7 fi. gv. p. Arven'se, 0 7 fi. Norfolk. Praten'se, 0 7,8 wd. th. Sylvat'icum, 0 7 ,i a. wd.—(25) Squama'ria, 4 4 d. gv— 
(26) Palus'tris, 4 6,7 bg. pa. Sylva'tica, 4 6,7 mo. mt. he—(27) Cymbala'ria, 4 5..11 o. wl. Spu'rium, O 7.-9 fi. P . Ela'tine, 0 7..9 .*i, ~ 
4 6,7 h. eg. fi. Mi'nus, O 6..8 sa. fi. Ma'jus, 4 7,8 o. wl. Oron'tium, 0 7,8 sa. ch. fi.—(28) T 
Verna'lis, <? 4 5 th. p—(29) Purpu'rea, 6 6,7 wd. h—(30) Bore'alis, 4 5,6 d. st. fir wd. 
4 6,7 pr. broom, &c. Ela’tior, 4 7,8 gr. bu. pi. Mi'nor, 0 ? 7,8 cl. fi. Ru'bra, 4 8 basalt. 
Re'pens, 4 7..9 ch. b. Lina'ria, 
1. fi.—(28) Nodo'sa, 4 7 gv. h. Aquat'ica, 4 $ wt. p). Scorodo'nia, 4 7,8 b. rv. p . 
. p (31) Europaj'a, 4 7,8 sd. pi. O—(32) Aquat'ica, O 7,8 mu. pi—(33) Ma'jor, 
rk. Cairu'lea, 4 7 gy. pa. s. Ramo'sa, iv 8,9 fi. rt. of hemp. 
wl. b. Aizoi'des, 4 3 a. rk. YV 
) Ver'na, O 3,4 1 
fi—(6) Latifo'lium, 4 7 si. m. Rudera'le, * 
pa. P . 
(1) An'nua, O 6 sa. fi. p—(2) Aquat'ica, O 7 a. lk. im—(3) V 
—(4) Marit'imum, 4 8,9 mr. cf. p—(5) Sati'va, 0 6 clt 
c. rk—(8) Nudicau'lis, O 5 d. gr. li—(9) Arven'se, 0 6,7 fi. p.’ Perfolia'tum, O 4,5 c 
mt. s. sh. Groenlan'dica, O 8 mt. S. An'glica, O 5 mu. s. sh. Dani'ca, 05 6 mu. sh 
—(12) Ama'ra, O 7 ch. fi. p —(13) Tincto'ria, d 7 fi. p—(14) Marit'ima, © 6..9 sa. s 
fo'lia, 4 8 H. S. p. Vmpa'tiens, O 5,6 sd. rk. pi. Hirsu'ta, O 3..6 ws. clt. g. Praten'sis 
4 6..9 wt. gr. me. Terres'tre, 0 6..9 h. me. Amphib'ium, *- 6..8 r. di—(19) Officina'le, 07 ws.g. Iri'o,©7.8 ws 
:. pi. 
b 5 mr. cf. Sinua'ta, <? 8 s. co. YV.—(24) Matrona'lis, 4 5 6 hi. pa 
mr. cf. P . Hirsu'ta. 4 5 wl. rk. ‘J ur'rita, J 5 o. wl 
Monen'sis, 4 6 7 sa. s. sh. p.—(28) Arven'sis, O 5 fi. 
Marit'imus, 6 s. co. 
Hir'ta, 4 5,6 H. S. Inca'na, $ 5,6 c. rk. Mura'lis, 
6 ws. c. s. Campes'tre, 0 7 fi. Hir'tum, 4 6 fi.—(7 
Alpes'tre, 4 6,7 mt. pa. Bur5;a-pasto'ris,© 3..9 ws. clt. g—(1 
‘ ‘d'i 
O 5 sd. mt. pi. 
i.—(7) Pe'trai'a, <4- 3/1 
w —(10) Officina'lis, 0 5 
. p. Armora'cia, 4 4,5 wt. pf—(11) Corono'pus, O 6..8 ws. g. Did'yma# O 7 ws. g. s. 
sh—(15) Marit'ima, 4 5,6 sa, s. sh—(16) BulbifWa, 4 4,5 mo. sd. pi. p—(17) Beliidi- 
is, 4 4,5 me. pa. Ama'ra, 4,5 wt. pi—(18) Officina'le, 4 6,7 clear rv. p. Sylves'tre, 
di—(19) Officina'le, 0 7 ws. g. Iri'o,© 7.8 ws. g. wl. Sojbi'a, O 7 ws. g—(20) Vulga'ris, 4 Z 
m. ws. g. Prae'cox, cT 4.. 10 wt. pi. p—(21) Cheiranthoi'des, O 7 fi. os. g. Allia'ria, 4 5 sd. pi. Orienta'le, 0 6 fi. mr. cf.—(22) •’ruticulo'sus. ? 5 6 wl.—(23) Inca' 
rv—(25) Thalia'na, © 4 wl 
d. b. 
g. wl. 
m 
Stric'ta, 4 5 rk. 
5. p, 
5..8 
na, 
6 7 a. rk. Cilia'ta, » 7.8 
tfis'pida 4 
p.—(26) Gla'bra, 0 5 6 gr. pa—(27) Na'pus, # 5 fi. b. Ra'pa, S' 4 fi. Campe'i'tris, O 6 7 li. Olera'cea, d 5 6 cf. s 
Ai'ba, 0 6 fi. Ni'gra, © 6 fi. b. Tenuifo'lia, 4 7..10 wl. ru. Alura'lis, 0 8.. 10 sa. g—(29) Raphanis'lrum, © 6,7 fi 
PentanCria. 
Decandria. 
Polyandria. 
Hexandria. 
Octandria. 
Decandria. 
f I Polyandria. 
(Or 1) 1 Ero'dium, Stork’s-bill. (Or 2) 2 Geran'ium, 
(Or 3) 3 Althtc'a, Marsh-Mallow. 4 Mal'va. Mallow, 
Tree-mallow—Contains 21 species, 10 0 1 <? and 10 4, 
Crane's-bill. 
5 Lavater'a. 
r (Or 1) 1 Fuma'ria, Fumitory. (Or 2) 2 Polyg'ala, Milkwort. (Or 3) 
3 Spar'tium, Broom. 4 Genis'ta, Green-weed. 5 Ul'ex, Furze. 
6 Ono'nis, Rest-harrow. 7 Anthyl'Iis, Kidney-vetch. 8 Pi'sum. Pea. 
9 O'robus, Bitter-vetch. 10 Lath'yrus, Vetchling. 11 Vic'ia, Vetch. 
12 Er'vum, Tare. 13 Ornitho'pus, Bird’s-foot. 14 Hippocre'pis, ^ 
Horse-shoe-vetch. 15 Hedysa'rum, Saint foin. 16 Astrag'alus, Milk- ; 
vetch. 17 Trrto'lium. Trefoil, Clover, and Melilot. 18 Lo'tus, Bird’s- 
foot-trefoil. 19 Medica'go, Medick—Contains 70 species, 29 0 35 4 
and 6 ?• 
(1) Cicuta'rium, 0 6..S ru. sa. g. Moscha'tum 0 6 7 mt. pa. Marit'imum, 4 5..9 sa. s. sh.—(2) Phoe'um, 4 5 6 mt. th. Nodo'sum, 4 
Praten'se 4 6 7 mt. pa. llobertianum, G 5..10 h. ws. g. Lu'cidum, 0 5.-8 wl. mo. rk. Mol'le 0 4..8 pa. ws.g. Pusil'lum. 
Rotundifo'lium ) 0 6 7 ws.g. pa. Dissec'tum, © 5,6 ba. gr. cr. Columbi'num, G 6,7 ch. gr. b. Sangui'neum, 4 7..9 hi. st. pL—(3) 
4 5..8 h. rd. eg. Rotundifo'lia, 0 6..9 ws. g. Moscha'ta, 4 7.8 gr. si. h—(5) Arbo'rea, <?7..l0mr. rk. p. 
(1) So'lida, 4 4 5 th. P . Lu'tea, 4 5 o. wl. Clavicula'ta, 0 6 7 gr. bu. hi. Officina'lis, © 5..8 clt. g. Parviflo'ra, © 8 9 fi. 5. E. Caprecla'ta 
gr. pi—(3) Scopn'rium : b 5 6 d. pr. pi—(4) Tincto'ria, b 7 8 pa. th. Pilo'sa, ^ 5 d. el. he. An'glica, ^56 bg. he—(5) Europaj'us 
4 6..8 fi. pa—(7) Vulnera'ria, 4 6..8 ch. pa—(8)Marit'imum, 4 7 
mt. th. Sylvat'icum. 4 6 7 mt. th. 
.9 gr. si. Pyrenai'cum 4 7 me. pa. 
cina'lis, 4 7..9 m.s—(4) Sylves'tris, 
46 7 
(Or 1) 1 Hyper'icum, St John’s-wort. Calyx, op 
styles, 1, 3, or 5, stamens, 3 or 5 sets—Contains 11 species, 10 4 and 1 b 
Calyx, 5 parted, cor. 5 petaHed | 
- (Or 1) 1 Tragopo'gon. 
Sow-thistle. 4 i 
1 Polygamia 
^Equalis. 
2 Polygamia 
Su peril ua. 
3 Polygamia 
Frustranea. 
Monandria. 
Diandria. 
Hexandria. 
Goat’s-beard. 2 Pic'ris, Ox-tongue. 3 Son'chus, 
Lactu'ca, Lettuce. 5 Prenant'hes, YVall-lettuce. 
6 Leont'odon. Dandelion, 7 Aparg'ia, Hawkbit. 8 Hiera'cium, Hawk'- 
weed. 9 Cre'pis, Hawk's beard. 10 Hypochce'ris, Cat’s-ear. 11 Lap- 
sa'na, Nipple-wort. 12 Cicho'rium, Succory. 13 Arc'tium, Burdock. 
14 Serrat ula. Saw-wort. 15 Card'uus, Thistle. 16 Cni'cus, Plume- 
thistle. 17 Onopord'um. Cotton-thistle. 18 Carli'na, Carline-thistle. 
19 Bid'ens, Bur-marigold. 20 Eupato'rium, Hemp-agrimony. 21 
Chrysoco'ma, Goldilocks. 22 Dio'tis Cotton-weed. (Or 2) 23 
Tanace'tum, Tansy. 24 Artemis'ia, YVormwood, Southernwood, 
and Mugwort. 25 Gnaphal'ium, Cudweed. 26 Cony'za, Spike- 
nard. 27 Erige'ron, Flea-bane. 28 Tussila'go, Colt’s-foot, and Butter¬ 
bur. 29 Sene'cio, Groundsel or Ragwort. 30 As'ter. Star-wort, 
31 Solida'go, Golden-rod. 32 In'ula, Elecampane and Flea-bane. 
33 Cineraria, Flea-wort. 34 Doron'icum, Leopard's bane. 35 Bel'Jis, 
Daisy. 36 Chrysan'themum, Ox-eye. 37 Pyreth'rum, Feverfew. 
38 Matrica'ria, Wild-Chamomile. 39 An'themis, Chamomile. 
40 Achil'lea, Yarrow. (Or 3) 41 Centau'rea Knapweed, Blue-bottle, 
and Star-thistle—Contains 136 species, 34 0 18 $ and 84 4. 
- (Or 1) 1 Or'chis, Orchis. 2 A'ceras, Man-orchis. 3 Hermi'nium, Musk- 
orchis. 4 Oph'rys, Insect-orchis. 5 Goodye'ra Goodyera. 6 Neot'tia, 
Ladieb’ Traces. 7 Liste'ra, Listera, or T way blade. 8 Epipac'tis, 
Helleborine. 9 Malax'is. Bog-orchis. 10 Corallorrbiz'a, Coral-mot. 
(Or 2)11 Cypripe'dium, Ladies’Slipper. (Or 3) 12 Aristolo'chia, Birth- 
wort—Contains 33 species, all 4. 
© 6..9 fi. p—(2) Y’ulga'ris 
5..12 he. cm. Na'nus, 8..10 d. he 
(6y Arven'sis, 4 61.8 fi. pa—(7) Vulnera'ria' 4 6^.8 ch' pa—ft) Marit'imum' 4 7 st. s. sh—Or'Tubero'sus, 4 5,6 he. wd. Ni'ger 4 6 7 d. mt. pa. S. Sylvat'icus, 4 5 6 
mt. wd. p—(10 A'phaca. © 6..8 gr. pi. P . Nisso'lia, © 5 bu. pi. Hirsu'tus, © 7 fi. p. Praten'sis. 4 7,8 me. pa. Sylves'tris, 4 7 8 th. no. h. Latifo bus. 4 7 8 wd. p. Palus'- 
tris, fi 7 8 mo. me. th_(11) Sylvat'ica, fi 7 8 wd. mt. Crac'ca fi 7,8 h. bu. pa. Sati'va, © 5 6 cn. fi. Angustifo'lia, © ? 6 gy. pa. Lf.thyroi'des,© 4 5 gr. si. Lu'tea, 21 8 
st. g. s. Hy'brida, fi 6 th. P . Lajviga'ta, fi 8 st. s. sh. P . Se'pium, fi 5 6 th. h. Bithyn'ica, fi 7 8 bu. gr.pl. P .—(12) Tetrasper'mum,© 6 mn. cn. h. Hirsu'tum, © 6 na. cn. fi. 
(13) Perpusil'lus, © 5 gr. pi.—(14) Como'sa, fi 5..8 ch. si.-(15) Onobry'chis. fi 6,7 d. ch. si.—(16) Glyeynhyl'Ios,fi 6 wd. th. ch. si. Hypoglot'tis, fi 6 7 ch. sa. si. Uralen'sis, 
fi 7 mt. S. Campes'tris, 21 7 rk. H.—(17) Officina'le. © 6 7 th. Ornithopodioi'des, © 6 7 ba. gr. pa. Re'pens, fi 5..9 me. pa. Sufioca] turn. O 6.7 sa. s. co. Subterra'neum 
© 5 d. gr. ba. pi. Ochroleu'cum, fi 6 7 d. pa. Praten'se, fi 5..9 me. pa. Me'dium, fi 7 ch. gr. si. Marit'imum, 0 6 7 mu. si. m. Sullla'tum, G 7 j. co. P . Arven'se, © 7,8 
sa. fi. Sca'brum. 05 6 ch.sa. fi. Glomera'tum O 6 gr. fi. Stria'tum Q 6 d. ha. g. Fragif'erum. fi 7 8 mo. me. I’rocum hens, ©to i d. gr. si. Mi'nus, © 6 7 d. gr. si. 
Filifor'me, © 6,7 gj. pa—(18) Cornicula'tus, fi 6..8 pa. Ma'jor, fi 7,8 wt. bu. pi. Decum'bens fi 6 fi. me. Angustis'simus, fi ? 5 6 rU. pi. s.—(19) Sati'va, fi 6,7 me. pa. h. 
Falca'ta,fi 7 gr. h. Lupuli'na, © 5..8 me. pa. Macula'ta, © 5.6 gr. si. Murica'ta, O 6 s. co. Min'ima, © 6 7 sa. ch. fi. P . 
(1) Calyci'num, $ 7.-9 bu. pi. I. S. isles. Androsai'mum, fi 7 8 wd. P . Ouadran'gulum fi 7 8 mo. me. th. Perfora'tum, 21 7 8 th. Du'bium, ^ 7 8 mt.g v. Humifu'sum fi 7 gv. pa. 
Monta'num, fi 7 mt. bu. hi. Barba'tum, 4 9 10 bu. pi. S. Hirsu'tum, fi 6,7 th. d. si. Pul'chrum, fi 7 bu. pi. cy. si. Elo'des. fi 7 8 rot. bg. 
(1) Praten'sis, 9 6 gy. pa. Porrifo'Iius, <? 5 6 wt. pa. P ._(2) Echioi'des © 6,7 h. fi. cy. si. Hieracioi'des. $ 7 8 d. gr. ch. si.—(3) Cceruieus.fi 78 mt S.p. Palus'tris, fi 7 8 
m. r. Arven'sis, 2t 8. fi. cy. si. Olera'ceus, © 7..9 ws. clt. g_(4) Viro'sa, J 1 8 9 ch. b. Scario'la. 6 8 ws. g. P . Salig'na, 6 8 ws. ch.—(5; Alura'lis, fi 7 wl. wd. ch. si— 
(6) Taraxa'cum, 114..7 me. pa. Palus'tre. fi 6 7 low bg. me.—(7) His'pida. fi 7 ch. pa. Hir'ta fi 7 8 gr. pa. Taraxa'ci, M 8 mt. mo. sit. Autumna'lis, 2i 8 me. na._(8) 
Alpi'num. fi 7 d. rk. mt. Pilosel'la fi 5..7 me. Du'bium. 2, 7 S mt. mo. sit. P . Auricu'la fi 7 8 mt. P . Aurantia'cum V 6 7 el. wd. Muro rum fi 6 rk. o. wl. Macula'- 
turn, i; 6 rk. mt. Sylvati'cum, fi6 7 d. wd. b. o. wl. Pulmona'rium. fi 7 rk. r. S. Lawso'ni, 2i 7 mt. rk. Paludo'sum, fi 7 mo. el. sit. Mol'le, fi 7 8 wd. J>. Cerintlmi'des, 
fi 8 rk. S. Villo'sT:m, U 8 mo. a. rk. Hal'leri, fi 7 8 H. S. Sabau'dum, fi 8 9 wd. th. Denticula'tum, fi 8 9 wd. j. .S. Prenantboi'dfes. x 8 wd th S. Umbelia'tum, * 8 9- 
sd. rk. sit.—(9) Fcet'ida, S 6 7 ch. pa. P . Pul'chra. © 6..9 rk. hi. S. P . Tecto'rum, © 6..9 d. pa. rf. Bien'ms, cf 6 7 ch. pa.—(10 Macula ta. fi 7 ch. hi. Gla'bra, © 6..8 
~ “ - - - © 6 gr. fi.—(12) Inty'bus, 217 8 ch. gr. si.—(13) lap'pa, J 1 7 8 ws. g. Barda'na, ? 7 8 
ch. sit. Accanthoi des. 0 6,7 d. ws. g. Tenuiflo'i)us, t-. 6 7 b. d. g. Maria'nus, © 6,7 b. 
ch. sit. Tubero'sus, Jl 8 
gr. g. Radica'ta. fi 6..8 pa.>s. g.L(ll) Commu'nis, © 6..8 ws. clt. g. Pusil'ia. O 6 gr. fi.-(12) Inty'bus,fi 7 8 ch. gr. si.-[l3 
ws. g.—(14) Tincto'iia, ’« 7 8 wd. th. Alpi'na, fi 7 8 a. rk.—(15) Nu'tans, G 7 8 gr. ch. sit. Aceanthoi des - 6 7 d. ws. g. Tenui 
-(16) Lanceoia't’s $ 6..9 ws. g. Palus'tris $ 7 8 mo. me. ' Arven'sis. 21 7 ii. rd. eg. For'steri, fi 7 8 bg. wd. Lrio'phorus, J 8 gr. cn. sit. 1 unero sus » wd. P . 
Heterophyl'lus, fi 7 8 mo. mt. pa. Praten'sis. fi 6 mo. pa. Acau'lis, fi 7 8 gr. ch. si.-(17) Acan'thium 7 8 ws. gr. g.-(18) Vulpa'ns - 6 d. sa pa—(19) Triparti'ta, 
0 8 9 wt. pi. Cer'.nua, © 9 di. p.-(20) Cannab'inum, 4 7 8 wt. bg. pi—(21) Linosy'ris, 4 9rk. cf.y. E. P — (22) Marit'ima fi8 9 sa. s. shl P —(23) Vulga're 4J 8 hi pa. rd. eg. 
—(24) Campes'trivfi 8 d. sa. sit. P . Marit'ima fi 8 s. sh. Gal'lica, fi 8 b. s. Absin'lhium, fi 8 ws. g. Vulga'ris 2. 8 ws. g. h. Lasrules'ceus, 4 8 s. co—(25) Lut'eo-al'bum. 
© 7 8 d. sa. g. j. Margarita'ceum, fi 8 me. P . Dioi'cum, fi6 7 d. mt. pa. Sylvat'icum. 4 8 mt. pa. Rec'tum, fi 8 sa. gv. hupi'num, .1 7 me. mt. U tg.no'sum O8sa.wt.pl. 
Gal'Jicum, O 7,8 gr. fi. P . Min'imum, © 7 ba. sa. g. Uerman'icum, © 7 8 d. gr. sit—(26) Squarro'sa, <f 7 8 wd. pa. ma. s, -(27) Canaclen's.s © 8 9 ws. clt. g. A'cris. if 7 .8 
d. gr. pa. Al'pinus 217 mo. a. rk. S. Uniflo'rus, fi 7 mt. S.-(28) Farfa'ra, 4 3 4 sd. ma. sit. Petasi'tes fi 4 mo. me.-(29) Vulga'ris © 3..10clt. ws. g. Vtsco'sus, © 7..10 
ws. ch. g. P . Liv'idus, © 9,10 ba. he. Sylvat'icus, © 7 8 bu. he. pi. Squal'idus O 6..10 wl. Ox. Tenuifo'lius, fi 7.8 wd. h. ch. si. Jaiobie'a. M 7 8 me. pa. Aquat'icus, 7 8 
m. wt. pi. Paludo'sus. fi 6 7 bg. P . Saracen'icus. fi 7 8 mo. pa. p—(30) Tripo'lium, fi 8 9 si. m—(31) Virgau'rea. fi 7..9 gv. be.-(32) Heleni'ura, M7.8 mo. me. P . Dysen- 
teri'ea, fi 8 wt. pi. Pulica'ria © 9 wt. sa. sit. Orithmoi'des fi 8 mu. s. sh—(33) Palus'tris, l 6 7 p. dt. lntegrifo'lia, a 5..7 c. cf.-(34) i ardalian'ches, fi 5 mt pa. P — 
(35) Peren'nis fi 3..12 me. pa—(56) Leucan'themum, 6 7ft. pa. Se'getum © 6..8 ii—(37) Parthe'mum. * 6,7 ws. g. Inodo'rum, ©8 9 gr. ft. Marit'imum, fi 7 s. co— 
(38) Chamomil'la, 0 5..7 fi. du.—(39) Marit'ima 0 7 rk. s. co. P . Nob'ilis, fi 8 9 gr. pa. Arven'sis, © 3 6 7 gr. fi. Cot ula © 6 7 fi.■ 1 incto r.a, , ? 7 8 st. mt. pi. P — (40) 
Ptar'mica, fi 7 8 rao. gv. Serra'ta, 2J. 8 hi. E. Millefo'lium, fi 6..8 me. pa. Tomento'sa, fi 8 d. hi. S. 1—(41) Ja'cea, fi 8 9 pa. P . Ni'gra, 4 6..8 pa. Cya'nus, © 7,8 cn. fi. 
Scabio'sa, 4 7,8 e& fi. Isnar'di, 4 7 8 me. Jersey. Calcitra'pa, 0 7,8 ws. sa. i. Solstitia'lis, 0 7,8 fi. p. 
tt 4 5 me. pa. Ustula'ta, 4 6 ch.hl. Fus'ca, 5 ch. bu. hi. Milita'ris, 4 5 ch, hi. 
ifo'lia, 4 5 6 m. Macula'ta, 4 6 7 wd. me. Conop'sea. 4 6 
Aranif'er-i U 4 d ch. pa. 
(1) Bifo'lia, 4 6 gv. Pyramida'lis, 4 7 gy. ch. pi. Mo'rio,4 5 6 mo. me. pa. Mas'cula, - - . . .-c #.. r .. ^ 
Tephrosan'thos 4 5 ch. hi. Hir'cina, tt 7 bu. ch. si. P . Al'bida, 4 6 gy. mt. pa. .Vir'idis, 4 6 7 mo. pa. Latifo'lia, 4 5,6 m. Macula ta 4 6 7 
mo. me—(2) Anthropo'phora 4 6 ch. pa—(3) Monor'chis. 4 6 7 ch. b—(4) Muscif'era, tt 6 ch. pa. Apif'era, 4 7 ch. pa. Arachm'ii? 4 7 ch. i>a 
.. " ; • -. 21 8 9 pa. Gemmi'para, 4 7 m.^I—(7) Ova'ta, 4 6gv. Coifda'la, rt 
rop 
Fucif'era, * 5 6 ch. hi—(5) Re'pens, U7 ms. a. wd—(6) Spira'lis, 
wd. ch. si.—(8) L, tifo'lia, 4 7 8 mt. wd. Purpura'ta, 4 6 sd. wd. pr. Palus'tris, 4 7 
st. mt. wd. p—(9, Paludo'sa, 4 7 tu. bg. Loesel'ii, 4 7 sa. hg—(10) Inna'ta,4 5 6 m. wd 
tt? a 
'ti?. 4 7 
__ ... > gv. Coifda'l. 
8 sw. pi. Grandiflo^ra, tt 6 wd. ch. si. Ensifo'lia, U 6 
. S.—(11) Calce'olus, 4 6 wd. .(12) ClematVtii, 4 7>8 th 
he. 
mt. wd. p 
among rn 
Nid'us a'vis 
cn. pj 
, 4 5 
Ru'bra, 4 6,7 
1 Monandria. 
2 Triandria. 
3 Tetrandria. 
4 Pentandria. 
5 Hexandria. 
G Polyandria. 
- 7 Alonadelphia 
Euphor'bia, Spurge. 2 Zannichel'lia, Horned-pondweed. (Or 2) 3 
4 
(Or 1) 1 fcup 
Ty'pha, (y’at’s-tail, or Reed-mace. 4 Spargan'ium Bur-retd. 5 Ca'rex 
Carex, Bent grass, or Sedge. 6 Kobre'sia, Kobresia. (Or 3) 7 Littorel'la, 
Shore-weed. 8 Al'nus, Alder. 9 Bux'us Box-tree. 10 Urti'ca, Nettle. 
i Or 4) 11 Xan'thium Bur-weed. 12 Amarant'hus, Amaranth. 
3 Bryon'ia, Bryony. (Or 5) 11 Eriocau'lon. Pipewort. (Or 6) 
15 Ceratophyl'lum. Hornworu 16 Myriophyi'lum, YY'ater-milfoil. 
17 Sagitta'ria, Arrow-head. 18 Ar'um Cuckow-pint. 19 Poter'ium, ^ 
Salad-hurnet. 20 Quer'cus Oak. 21 Fa'gus Beech and Chestnut. 
22 Bet'ula Birch. 23 Carpi'nus Hornbeam. 24 Cor'ylus, Hasel-nut. 
(Or 6) 25 Pi'nus, Fir—Contains 104 species, 10 0 1 $ 81 4 and 12 
» * 
23. POLYGAMIA 
■:A. { 
1 Diandria. 
2 Triandria. 
3 Tetrandria. 
4 Pentandria. 
5 Hexandria. 
0 Octandria. 
7 Enneandria. 
8 Monad el pit ia 
I Monoecia. 
[Or 1) 1 Sal'ix, Willow, Sallow, and Osier. (Or 2) 2 Empe'trum, Crow- 
berry. 3 Rus'cus, Butcher’s-broom. [Or 3) 4 Vis'cum, Misletoe. 
5 Hippoph'ae, Sallow-tborn. 6 Myri'ca, Gale. (Or 4) 7 Hum'ulus, 
Hop, (Or 5) 8 Tam'us, Black Bryony. (Or 6) 9 Pop'nlus, Poplar. 
10 Rhodio'la, Rose-root. (Or 7) 11 Mercuria'lis, Mercury. 12 Hydro- 
cha'ris. Frog-bit. (Or 8) 13 Junipe'rus. Juniper. 14 Tax'us, Yew— 
' 66 \ 
(1) Pep'iis, 0 7 8 sa. s. sh. y . Pep'lus, © 7,8 clt. g. Exig'ua. © 7 gr. fi. Lathv'ris, * 5,6 st. th. P . Portland'ica, fi 8 s. co. f. Para lia, ti 8 9 sa. s. co. Ileliosco'pta © 7 8 clt. p. 
Stric'ta. © 7 8 fi. Es'ula fi 7 sd. wd. P . Cyparis'sias. © 5 6 gv. ba. pi. Iliber'na, fi 6 fi. wd. Amygdaloi'des, fi 3 4 wd. Charac'ias, 3,4 bu. mt. P .—[2) Palvis'uis G 7 
p. di—(3) Latifo'lia, fi 7 p. di. Angustifo'lia fi G 7 p. di. Mi'nor, fi 7 m. p—(4) Ramo'sum, fi 7,8 wt. pi. Sim'plex. X 7 8 gr. p. di. Na'tans, fi 7 mu. bg—(5) Dioi'ca, 
fi5 6bg. Daval'liana, tt 5 6 bg. sit. p. Pulica'ris, fi 6 mu. bg. Pauciflo'ra, 6 a. bg. p. Stellula'ta, fi 5 6 bg. me. Cur'ta, “ 6 wt. pi. p. Elonga ta, 2) 6 m. p. .Ova'iis, 
fi 6 wt. pi. Tenel'la, X 6 mo. sd. pi. S. Remo'ta, fi 5 6 mo. sd. pi. Axilla'ris. fi 5 6 m. Incur'va, fi 7 8 sa. r. p. Arena’ria, fi 6 sa. s. sh. Interme'dia, 2156m. me. 
Divi'sa,2| 5 6 m. s. Murica'ta. fi 5 6 mo. pa. Divul'sa.fi 5 mo. pa. Vulpi'na, fi 5 wt.pl. Teretius cula, fi 5 wt. me. l’anicula'ta, fi 6 m. Digita'ts, 5 sd. ch. pi. Clan- 
des'tina, fi 5d. c. rk.p. Pendu'la, fi 5..7 mo. wd. Strigo'sa,fi 4. 6 gv. th. p. Sylvat'ica, W 5 6 wd. Depaupera'ta, fi 5,6 d. wd. p. Mielichof'eri, 2i 7 8 a. rk. S. Speiro 
sta'chya. fi7-8m.S. Pha;osta'chva, fi 6 rk. H. S. Capilla ris, fi 7 8 mt. H. S. llaritlo'ra, fi 7 mt. S. Pseu'do-cype'rus a 6 wt. sd pi. Limo sa, n 6 dp. rot. bg. Ustula'ta, 
fi 7 wt. me. sit. Atra'ta, 21 6 7 a.'pa. Pul'la. fi 7 mt. S. Palles'cens, fi 5 6 me. pa. Fla'va, 2. 5,6 bg. me. Oede'ri. fi 7 wt. cm. !• ul va, fi 6 7 bg. me. Exten'sa, Jl 6 s. co. 
Dis'tans, fi 6 mu. m. Biner'vis fi 6 d. he Prro'cox, 2,-. 4 d. be. Piluiif'era, fi 4 5 he. wt. pa. Tomento'sa, fi 6 me. p. Pani'cea, fi 5.6 mo. pa. Recur'va. fi 5 6 mo. pa. he. 
Rig'ida, fi 6.7 a. mt. Caispito'sa, 5.6 m. Stric'ta, 21 4 m. Acu'ta fi 5 wt. me. Paludo'sa. fi 5 bg. me. Ripar'ia, fi 4 5 wt. pi. Ltcviga'ta, v 5 m. Vesica'ria, fi 5 m. 
Ampulla'cea, fi 56 p.m. Hir'ta, fi5,6 me. wt. pi. Secali'na. i 6 7? glensS. Stictocar'pa. fi 6.7 ? H. S. Angustifo'lia, fi 6_? m.Filifor'mis, 2|[6 bg. me—(6) ( ari- 
ci'na, 4 8 mu. pi. mt—(7) Lacus'tris. h 6 wt. sa. pi—(8) Glutino'sa 3 *i wt. pi— 9) Semper'virens b 4 d. 
Dioi'ca, 4 7 8 ws. g. h—(Jl) Struma'rium, 0 8 9 rich si. du. p —(12) Bli'tum, © 8 rich g. du. p—(13) Dioi 
8,9 di. Suhmer'mm, 4 9 di. p—(16) Spiea'tum, 4 7 8 p. Verticilla'tum, v. 7 p.p- 
tt 7 ch. hi.—(20 Ro'bur, b 4 wd. h. Sessiliflo'ra, **'4 5 wd—(21) Castan'ea, \ 5 wd. by. 
b 5 wd. th. cy. si—(24) Avella'na, b 3.4 h. th—(25) Sylves'tris, b 5 H. S. 
(1) Trian'dra, b 5..8 wt. wd. os. g. Hoflinania'na, b 5 b. rv. Lanceola'ta, **4 5 low me. os. p. Amygdal'ina, b 4,5 low wt. pi. Pentnn'dra r * 6 7 r. Nig'ricans, * 4 bj 
Phylicifo'lia, b 5 H. S. Borreria na, b 5 H. S. Nit'ens, * 4 hi. S. Davallia'na. b 5 H. S. YVuIfenia'na b 4,5 H. S« v. E. Tetrap'la b 3 H. S. Bicol'or, ^45 wd. Tenui¬ 
fo'lia, b 5 6 rk. 1). r. Malifo'lia, b 4 th. Petiola'ris, 1 4 sw. Vitel'lina, " 5 sw. Decip'iens, 5 wt. h. os. c. Frag'ilis, b 4 5 m.g. Russellia'na, * 4 5 m. wd. Purpu'rea, 
b 3 low me. p. He'lix, * 3 4 m. os. g. Lambertia'na. b 3 4 sw. Forbia'na, b 4 me. os. g. Ru'bra, * 4 5 low g. p. Crowea'na, \ 4 5 sw. g. Prunifo'lia, M 5 mt. S. Vac- 
ciniifo'lia. b 4 mt. S. Venulo'sa, M.5 H. S. Myrsini'tes, K 5,6 H. S. Dicksonia'na, HH. S. Carina'ta. b 4 M. S. Arhus'cula. v 4 H. S. Liv'ida, b low g. S. Herba'cea, 
b 6 a. mt. me. si. Reticula'ta, b 6 a. mt. Glau'ca, V 5 H. S. Stuartia'na, b 7 8 H. S. Arena'ria, 5 5.6 mt. S. Lana'ta, b a. rk. ». Argen'tea, ^ 5 sa. s.sh. Fcet'ida, 
b 5 he. g. Re'pens, b 5 sa. he. Fus'ca, * 5 he. mt. Prostra'ta, * 3 4 he. cm. Incuba'cea b 5 sa. pi. s. Donia'na, 1 5 S. Rosmrfrinifo lia, b 4 mo. sa.g. Cine'rea, 4 
iff a n /I A .«t/I 1«1 A nuot/ino K A tuf V. ninif’n'lio T-» «r/l P.ntinifn^lia h 4 fh. Hir^fa 4 A ur/1 h .*» rJj, 
Cll, 
'ca. 
hi—(10) Pilulife'ra, 
tt 5..9 h—(14) * 
6 7 
(17) Sagittifo'lia. tt7 8 wt. pi.—(18) Macula 
Sylvat'ica, b 4.5 wd—(22) Ai'ba, 4 5 wd. 
ws 
la're. 
tt 
'na, 
g. s. U'rens, 0 6.. 10 clt. g. 
tt 9 v. Ik —(15) Demer'sum, tt 
5 gv. bu. pi—(19) Sanguisor'ba, 
3 el. wt. sit. S.—(23) Bet'ulus, 
wd. 
Contains 73 species, 1 0 6 tt and 66 b< 
The plants of this class have her¬ 
maphrodite, and male or female 
flowers, or both on the same plant. 
Dr Hull, in his British Flora has arranged 
and described seven genera in this class. 
Dr Smith gives only one genus under this 
head, the essential character of which is 
given in the column for the genera. 
24. CRYPTOGAMIA. 
The Crvptogameous plants are 
those vegetables whose parts of 
fiuctification are so minute that 
they are hut imperfectly visible to the naked 
eye. Linmeus divided the plants of this class 
into four natural orders, viz., Filiees, 
Musci, Alga, and Fungi. Hay, Dillenius, 
Micheli, Gmelin, and Hedwig, by their 
scrutinies into these obscure families, have 
immortalized their names. 
lsf Order. Filiees —The Filiees or Ferns in 
general push up only one stem, termed a 
Frond, which in the early stage of its 
growth is rolled up in a spiral form, 'l hey 
hear their fructification in a spike, in a 
racemus, or on the under surface of the 
leaf. The Botrychium is an example of a 
spike, the Osmunda of a racemus, and the 
Polypodium hears its fructilication on the 
under surface of the leaf. The fructifica¬ 
tion (or sori) is arranged in lines or dots; 
and from their situation and direction, with 
the presence and manner of opening of a 
thin covering termed the Involucre, and 
from being with or without an elastic ring 
the genera are formed and distinguished. 
The root of the male pern has been much 
celebrated as an Anthelmentic medicine. 
2 d Order Mvsci.—’Lhe Mosses area beautiful 
natural family of very minute 4 plants, 
whose female parts of fructilication are 
covered by a calyptra, which adheres to 
the top of the Theca ; and, in general, opens 
transversely. The mouth of the Theca is 
sometimes naked and sometimes clothed, 
with a single or double fr nge, termed a 
Periostoma; its divisions are named teeth, 
and from their number, their being up¬ 
right or reflected, straight or twisted, 
triangular, spear, or bristle shaped, blunt 
or acute, and whither their seeds are 
smooth or rough, angular or round, the 
genera are characterized. Some of the 
mosses are cathartic others emetic. 
3d Order. Algie .—The plants in this order 
have their root, stem, and leaf of one con¬ 
tinuous similar piece of matter. They are 
divided into those which grow on the land 
and those that grow in the water. Their 
generic characters are taken from their 
parts of fructification when these are any 
way evident, and from the general struc¬ 
ture of the plant when these organs escape 
notice. The Lichen Islandicus is much 
used by the Icelanders as an article of diet; 
4 th Order. Fungi .—The Fungi consists of 
plants mostly of a spongy or corklike 
texture; they arc generally of short dura¬ 
tion, and bear their seeds in gills or tubes, 
or attached to fibrous or spongy substances. 
Their generic characters are taken from 
the disposition of their seeds, or from their 
external figure or appeal ance. The greater 
number of the Fungi are indigestible 
poisonous matter, and the edible mush¬ 
rooms ought to be collected with care. 
I Filiees. 
(Or 1) l At'riplex, Orache. Hermaphrodite, calyx 5 leaved, no corolla, 
stamens 5, style cleft, seed, 1.—Contains 7 species, 6 © and 1 
(Or 1) 1 Polypo'dium, Polypody. Sori in dots, no involucre. 2 Asnid'ium, 
Shield-fern. So. in dots, invol. opening all round. 3 Cys'tea, Bladder- 
fern. So. in dots, invol. fixed lateral, margin cut and reflected. 
4 Asple'nium, Spleenwort. So. in dots, invol. fixed central, marg. 
cut deep, incurved. 5 Scolopen'drium. Hart’s-tongue. So. in double 
lines, invol. opposite overlaping- 6 Blech'num, Hard-fern. So. in 
lines close to the axis, invol. opening to the axis. 7 Pte'ris, Female 
fern or Brakes. So. in lines near the marg. invol. opening from the 
axis. 8 Adian'tum, Maidenhair. So. in dots on the reflected marg, 
with invol. 9 YVood'sia. YVoodsia. So. in scattered lines, invol. opening 
from the axis. 10 Trichoma'nes, Bristle-fern. So. oblong spots on 
the edge of the frond, invol. urceolate. 
fern. So. in dots on the marg. 
\ 
;eolate. It Hymenophyl'lum, Filmy- 
ici... ou. ii. uuuj uu iim. H . compressed, invol. like the frond. 12 
Osmun'da, Osmund-royal. Caps, round, pedicled, naked,gibbous,lined. 
13 Botrych'ium, Moonwoit. Spike branched caps, round, sitting, 
simple. 14 Ophioglos'sum, Adder’s-tongue. Spike-jointed fructifica¬ 
tion in two rows, opening horizontally. 15 Lycopo dium. Club-moss. 
Caps, reniform, flatt. in the axils of the leaves. 16 Equise'tum, Horse¬ 
tail. Fructification seeds, with four filaments, in terminal calkins. 
17 Pilula'xia. Pillwort. Fr. at the root, round, four celled. 18 Isoe'tes, 
Quill-wort. Fr. within the base of the frond, one celled. 
2 Musci. 
4 
22 i 
?• 
© ? 6 wt. a, 
Ampulla'ceum 
2 7 a. rk. Niva'lis fi 7 
3 Alga?, 
(Or 2) 1 Sphag'num. Theca sessile, calyptra, cut round, covering the Th. 
to its base. 2 Buxbau'mia. Th. oblique. Feriost. exter. 16 short teeth, 
inter, plaited, entire. 3 Phas'cum. Th. close lided. not opening. 1 
Gymnosto'mum. Th. pedicled, lid,(fallingoff, calypt. entire 5Splach'- 
num. Th. on a very large apophysis. Per. 16 teeth widening at the 
base. 6 Andraj'a. Theca, 4 valved. opening laterally, lid permanent. 
7 Tetra'phis. Th. oblong, perish with 4 teeth, erect and free. 8 En- 
calyp'ta. Per. 16 teeth, linear, erect, calyp. hell-shaped, loose, smooth. 
9 Grim'mia. Th. terminal, Per. 16 teeth, broad at the base, calyp. 
cylindric. 10 Dicran'um. Per. 16 teeth, bent inwards, cleft. 
11 Trichosto'mum. Per. 32 teeth, threadlike, erect, two approach¬ 
ing or connected at the base. 12 Tor'tula. Per. teeth twisted and 
threadlike. 13 Orlhotri'chum. Per. external 16 teeth, internal from 
8 to 16, threadlike, calyp. furrowed. 14 Pterogo'nium. Th. in the 
axils. Per. 16 teeth, linear erect calyp. strait, pilose. 15 Necke'ra. * 
Th. lateral. Per. exter. 16 teeth, inter, same, calyp. smooth. 16 Hyp'-‘ 
num. Th. on a lateral pedicle out of the perich.xcium. Per. exter. 
16 teeth. 17 Hooke'ria. Th. ovate, netlike and doited, Per. exter. and 
inter. 16 teeth,calyp. netlike,entire- 18 Fontina'lis. Th.involved in the 1 , 
pericliiccium, Per. exter. 16 teeth, widened at the base, inter, celled. 
19 Funa'ria. Th. obovate,Per. exter. 16 teeth.oblique, joined, inter. 16 
teeth, flat, calyp. 4 angled. 20 Bartra'mia. Th. round, furrowed. Per. 
exter. 16 awled teeth, inter, plaited and jagged, lid depressed. 
21 Mni'um. Th. cylinderic furrowed. Per. exter. 16 teeth, awled, 
inter, jagged, calyp. awled. 22 Bry'um. Th. terminal, egg oblong, 
smooth. Per, exter. 16 teeth, widened at the base, inter, toothed. 23 
Polytri'chum. Per. from 32 to 64 teeth in the exter. inter, flat, 
entire.—Contains 416 species, 61 © and 355 Jl. 
(Or 3) Sect, lsf, Terrestrial —1 Marchan'tia. Fructification under a 
peltate common calyx. 2 Jungerma'nia. Ca-lyx simple, 4 valves. 
3 Targio'na. Calyx. 2 valves. 4 Spha:rocar'pus. Calyx, pearlike, 
caps, round and open at the top. 5 Antho'ceros. Calyx tubular, caps, 
awl-like, 2 valves. 6 Bla'sia. Cylindric tubular. 7 Ric'cia. Fr. granules 
sunk in the frond. 8 Lich'en. Receptacle, even shining. 9 Bys'sus. 
Fr. substance down or powder. Sect. 2d , Aquatic .—10 Tremel'la. 
Substance gelatenous. 11 Ul'va. Subst. membranous. 12 Fu’cus. 
Subst. Coriacious. 13 Confer'va. Subst. capillary. 
4 Fungi. 
(Or 4) Sect 1st. with a Pileus —1 Apar'icus. Pileus, pilled ur.dtr 2 
Meru'iius. Stipes, bristlelike, Pil. plaited. 3 Bole'tus. Pil, porous 
under. 4 Hyd'num. Pil. echinated under. 5 Piial'lus. Pil. smooth un¬ 
der. Sect. 2d, without a Pileus .—6 Helvel'la. Fr. Turbinate. 7 Clava'ria. 
Fr. oblong. 8 iTzi'za. Pr. bellshaped. 9 Auricula'ria. Fr. flat ear¬ 
shaped. 10 Lycoper'don. Fr. globular. 11 Cal'thrus. Fr. latticed. 
12 Trichi'a. Fr. opening horizontally, seeds in woo'.y fibres. 13 Mu'cor 
Fr. vesicular stipitate. 14 Relicuia'ria. Fr. first pulpy opening indis¬ 
criminately. 15 Sphse'ria. Fr. caps, round, filled with black powder, 
opening at top. 16 Uri'do. Fr. meally powder, under the cuticle of 
plants. 
mo. wd. Auri'ta,4 5 wd. lil. Aquat'ica, b 4 wt. h. Oieifo'Iia, * 3 wd. Cotinifo'lia, 4 th. Hir'ta *> 4 5 wd. Rupes'tris, & rk. S. Andersonia'na, ^4 5 wd. Fors- 
teria'na, ^ 5 wd. Sphacela'ta, *> 4 5 glens H. S. Cap'rea ^ 4 wd. Acumina'ta 4 mo. wd. Vimina'Iis, \ 4 5 wt. me. os. g. Snrthia'na. 4 5 me. os. g. Stipula'ris, 
^ 3 os. g. Al'b i *> 5..7 mo. wd_(2) Ni'grum J? 5 mt. he—(3) Aculea'tus, >? 3 4 bu. lie.—(4) Al'bum, ^ 5 pr. tr— (5) Rhamno.,des. ^ 5 sa. cf.— 6) Ga'le, fp 5 bg. pi. 
—(7) Lu'pulus, - 7 h. th.—(S) Commu'nis, fi 6 wd. h—(9) Ai'ba, 3 mo. wd. Canes'cens, >? 3 tu. me. Trem'ula J? 3 4 mo. wd. LWgra 3 wt. pi.—(10) Ro'sea, fi 5 6 
fissures a. rk —(IT) Pe ren'nis fr 4,5 b. An'nua,© 7..9 ws. clt. g—(12) Mor'sus-ranaj, fi 7 di. p—(13) Commu'nis, 5 hi. mo. wd. Na'Ta.fr 5mt—(14) Racca'ta,^ 3 4 mt. wd 
(1) Portulacoi'aes, i? 7,8 mu. s. co. Lacina'ta, O 7 sa. s. co. Pat'ula, © 6..8 clt. ws. g. Angustifo'lia, © 6..8 clt. ws. g. Ercc'ta, O 8 ws. g. p. Littora'lis, Q 7.8 si. m. 
Peduncula'ta, O 7 8 mu. si. m. 
(1) Vulga're. fi5..10wl. sd. h. Phegop'teris, fi 6.7 v. mt. Dryop'teris fi7sd.mt.pl. Calca'reum.fi 7 wd. he. c. mt—(2) Lonchi'tls fi 5 6 a. rk. Thclypt'eris, fi 7 bg. me. 
Oreop'teris, fi7 lie. mt. Filix'mas, fi 6 7 wd. sd. pi. Crista'tum, fi 6 7 bg. he. Aculea'tum, fi 6 sd. pi. Angula're, fi 7 sd. pi. Loba'tum, fi 6 sd. b. Spinulo'sum, 116 7 m. 
P . Dilata'tum, 2i 6 7 mo. sd. pi. Dumeto'rum. fi 7 sd. st. pi. Filix fee'mina, 6 7 wt. sd. pi. Irrig'uurn, fi 6 cr. springs, s—(3) Frag'ilis. i 6 7 wt. sd. rk. wl. Denta'ta. fi 
a. rk. Angusta'ta, fi 6 7 sd. a. sit. Re'gia, fi6 wl. a. rk. P —(4) Triclio'rnanes, fi 3..10 rk. wl. Vir'ide, fi 6 7 mt. rk. Mari'num '47..10 mr. rk. Septentriona'le, fi 6..10 
rk. v. Alternifo'lium, fi 6..10 rk. mt. Ru'ta mura'ria, fi 6 .10 rk. o. wl. Adin'atum nig'rum fi6..10 sd.pl. Lanceola'tum, fi6..10rk.j- Fonta'num, fi6..9wl.rk.p—(5. 
Vulga're, 7 mo sd. sit. (Jeter'ach.fi4.-10 rk. o. wl—(6) Boreal'e, fi 7 rough he. g—(7) Aquili'na,fi7 he. cm. py. Cris'pa,fi 7 st. mt.—(8) Capil'lusVen'eris, 5..9 mo.rk. P . 
—(9) llven'sis, 21 7. 9 a. rk. Hyperbo'rea, fi 6 a. rk—(10) Brevi'setum, 45 6 wt. rk. P —(ll)Tunbridgen'se, fi 5 6 mo. rk. pi—(12) Rega'lis, fi 6,7'sd. bg. wd—(13) Luna'ria, 
fi 6 mt. pa_(14) Vulga'tum, fi 5 mo. pa—(15) C-lava'tum. fi 7 8 he. Selaginoi'des, fi 8 wt. a. he. Inunda'tum, fi 6 7 wt. sa. he. Sela'go. fi 6..8 mo. a. he. Annoti'num, 
fi6..8mt. Alpi'num. fi 8 a. mt_(16) Sylvat'icum, fi 45 mo. sd. wd. Fluviat'ile fi 4 wt. pi. Arven'se, fi 3 4 mo. cn. fi. Palus'tre, fi 6 7 m. Limo'sum, 2i 6 7 m. wt. pi. 
Hyema'le, fi 7 8 hg. wd. Variega'tum, fi 7 wt. sa. g—(17) Globulif'era. fi 6,7 wt. gr. pi—(181 Lacus'tris, fi 5,6 a. lk. 
(1) Latifo'lium, fi 6 tu. bg. Squarro'sum, fi 6,7 m. Capillifolium. fi 6 wt. mt. Cuspida'tum 6 wt. mt.—(2) Aphyl'la, © 12 ba. he. p. Folio'sa, © 7 sd. rk.—(3) Subula'lum, 
O 3 sa. g. Axilla're, © 7-9 m he. Pa'tens. © 8 mu. pi. Siric'tum, © 7 8 a. m. Pilif'erum, © 4 gy. ha. pi. Cris'pum, O 3 wt. gy. pi. Multicapsula're, © 11..3 wd. Curvi- 
col'Ium, © 5 gy. ha. pi. Rec'tum, © 4,5 di. fi. Bryoi'des, © 4 he. wd. Curvise'tum, © 3 clt. g. Cuspida'tum, © ? 3 sa. sit - py. Schreberia'num, O 3 he. clt. g. Mu'ticum, 
O 11..3 hp.fr. Serra'tum, ©34 gr. Stolonif'erum. 2|J 4 clay. Alternifo'lium, ©4 m.—(4) Truncat'ulum, ©3 hp. Interme'dium. ©3 lip. Obtu'sum, © 67 st. sa. 
Ova'tum, © 4 hp. mu. Osmunda'ceum, © 4 hp. p. Griffithia'num. © ? 6 a. Cm. Hei'mii, © 4 sa. mt. | Donnia'num, O 11 rk. S. Viridis'simum, fi 5 tr. ^Erugino'sum, 
fi 7 a. m. Lute'olum, fi 7 a. Cm. S. Curviros'trum. fi 6 wt. rk. Steliig'erum, fi 7 rk. wd. Microsto'mum, fi 5 pa. Paucifo'lium, 0? brick wl. Con'icum, © 4 5 fi. 1 
Fascicula're, © 4 5 mt. Pyrifor'me, © 4 5 wt. hp. Lappo'nicum fi _ st. a. Imber'be. fi — rk. mt. I. Cilia'tum, fi 9..12 st. hi—(5) Mnioi'des © 5 6 wt. a. Angusta’tum, 
? 6 wt. a. Urceola'tum. fi 6 a. to. Ten'ue, © 6.7 a. Fastigia'tum, © 6,7 wt. a. Ova'tum, © 5 a. m. Rogo'sum, 0 6 a. S. tophasr'lcum, © 6 7 a. Grac'ile, © 7 he. mt. 
©6 7tu. m. Turneria'num, © 6,7 m. mt. Lingula'tum, OP a. S. Reticula'tum. 2i _ a. S—(6) Rupes'tris fi 4..7 a. wt. rk. Rothii, 21 7 a. su. rk. Alpi'na 
a. rk.—(7) Pellu'cida, © 5 wt. sd. pi. Ova'ta O 5 sd. rk—(8) Vulga'ris, ©4 5 sd. rk. Cilia'ta. fi 6 rk. mt. Alpi'na, fi 10 a. rk. Streptocar'pa fi 8 mt. 
Davie'sii fi_rk. s.—(9) Recurva'ta, © 5 ha. gy. pi. Pusil'ia © 4..6 m. mt. Tricho'des, © 2 st. Stria'ia. © 5 6 m.S. Schis'ti, fi 6 mo. a. pi. Staikea’na, fi ? 8 pa. At'ro-virens, 
fi 8 mo. pa. Lanceola'ta, fi 5 d. pi. Calca'rea. 2J.4..7 ch. cf. Controver'sa, fi 2 hp. Dick'soni, fi 4 tr. h. Cirra ta. fi4 tr. Recurviros'tra, fi 8 wd. mt. Verticilla'ta. 8 wt. c. sit. 
Cris'pula. fi 6 tu. Acu'ta, fi 8 a. pi. Inclina'ta, fi 7 tu. m. HeteromalTa, fii' 7 sa. lJomomal'la fi ? 6 7 tu. a. Nigri'ta. fi — tu. to. Conosto'mo, fi 7,8 a. S, Nu'da. © ? 
mo. cy. sit. Spiachnoi'des, fi — a. L. Saxic'ola, 21 4 5 rk. sa. Trichophyl'la, U ? wl. S. Pulvina ta, 2i 4 5 wl. st. Donnia'na fi — a. rk. Alpi'< ola fi — a rv. Marit'ima, 21 9 10 
mr. rk. Rivula'ris, fi — a. rv. Apocar'pa. fi 4 rk. tr. totric'ta, fi 7 rk. I. Cm.— (10) Scopa'rium. fi 3..She. wd. Ma'jus. fi 7 rk. wd. Undula'tum, fi 7 a. m. Fusces'cens 
fi 7 gv. he. Heteromal'lum, © 5 6 gr. Interrup'tum, fi ? 6 mt. p. Brun'toni, fi 6 rk. Flagella're, fi 5 he. mt. Suhula'tum, © 8 mo. pi. Cris'pum, fi 7 m. Uncina'tum, 
fi ? — tu. a. Faica'tum, fi 6 a. rv. totark'ii. fi 6 a. S. FulvelTum, fi — a. to. Va'rium, © 4..6 gy. sa. pi. Schreberia'num. © 6 ? mo. cy. pi. Rufes'cens, © 5 wt. sa. Rigid'ulum, 
fi5 cy. Acieula're, fi4 5 wt. rk. Pa'tens, fi 6 7 holes rk. Ellip'ticum, fi 6 7 a. rk. Ova'le. fi 4..6 rk. Glau'cum, fi 6 7 mt. pa. Purpu'reum, fi4 wl. gr. Biparti'tum, © 3 
wl. hp. totric'tum, ©? 6 m. mt. Pusil'lum, fi 2 3 pa. Cervicula'tum fi 7 tu. he. Cel'sii, ©? a. S. Latifo'lium. fi — hp. I. topu'rium fi5 6 m. p. Pellu'cidutn, fi 5 wt. pi. 
Flaves'cens, 2 i—a. m. Squarro'sum. fi 5 m. mt. Polyphyl'lum. fi 7 wd. mt. Scottia'num fi9 mt. I. Hyperbo'reum, U — a.rk. S. Polycar'putn, fi 6 a. S. totrumif'erum. 
tt 6 7 m. S. Vi'rens fi 6 7 me. mt. Monta'num, fi — m. a. p. Flexuo'sum, fi 6 a. Virid'ulum, © 2 3 m. sd. pi. Tamarindifo'Jium, © 1 m. p. Bryoi'des, © 2..4 wt. sd. pi. 
Osmundioi'des fi3..6 wt. a. Taxifo'lium, fi 3 mo. sd. pi. Adiantoi'des, 21 3 4 sd. m.—(11) Trifa'rium, fi 3 ba. mt. Capilla'ceum, fi 4 5 m. mt. Pusil'lum. O 4 sa. Rigid'ulum, 
fi4wl, Papillo'sum. fi—tu. a. Heterosti'chum, fi 5 st. he. mt. Lanugino'sum, fi 8 wd. he. Ericoi'des fi5 a. m. Canes'cens, fi 2 a su. sa. pi. Fascicula're 21 4 5 st. mt. 
Microcarp'on, W 8 st. rat Obtu'sum, fi 8 rk. a. Glauces'cens, fi — sci. a. Pilif'erum, fi? — sd. hp. Flexifo'lium. fi? — ha. b. Linea're, fi 4 wt. gr. Linoi'des, fi— 
pa. to. FontinalioVdes, 2! 5..8 r.-(l2) Rig'ida, fi 9 .3 hp. wl. MucronuTata, fi 2..4 hp. wl. Unguicula'ta, fi 3 wl. sa. Fal'Iax, fi 3 wl. sa. Convolu'ta, fi 10..3 hp. wl. 
Ner'vosa, fi 3 sa. hp. Stella'ta fi? — mo. hp. to. Rura'lis, x 2..4 tr. toubula'ta, fi 10..4 wt. sd. pi. Mura'lis, fi 10..6 wl. py. Cuneifo'lia, <? 4 sa. hp. Ericetorum, fi — tu. S. 
Tortuo'sa, fi 7. 10 mt. Apicula'ta, fi — mu. I. Hu'milis, fi — rk. I. BrevifoTia. fi.— m. p. Barba'ta, fi 10..3 wl. he Imber'bis, fi 2 3 hp. wl. AristaTa. 2; 4 5 wl — 
(13) Stria'tum, fi 2..5 tr. Lyell'ii, fi — tr. ?. E. Affi'ne, fi 7..9 rk. Rupin'cola, fi — rk. wl. to. Pulchel'ium, fi 7 tr. Pu'milum, X 5 tr. Dinph'amtm, fi 4 tr. h 
Arista'tum, fi 12..1 tr. Rivula're, fi — rv. 1. Cris'pum, fi 3,4 tr. Hutchin'sitfi, fi — I. Anom'alum, fi 2..7 st. Nu'dum, fi 4 b. rv — (14) Grac'ile fi 4..6 Ir. rk. mt 
Sciuroi'des, fi 4 tr. tomith'ii. fi 4 tr. p. Filifor'me, fi 5 sd. rk. Rotundifo'lium, fi — I. CiKspito sum, u — rk. S.—(15) Pu'mila, fi — tr. P Penna'ta, fi — tr. E. S. 
Cris'pa. W 4 wd. c. si. HeteromalTa fi 2 3 tr. Curtipen'dula, fi 4 rk. tr. Spiachnoi'des, 2J — mt. 1. Viticulo'sa, fi 5 wd. mt.— (16) SubTile, fi 3 4 wt. sd. pi. Pulchel'ium 
fi 6 sd. a. Polyan'thos, fi2 3 o. tr. wd. Attenua'tum, tt — wd. S. Cylin'dricum, fi — wd to. Me'dium 2, 2 tr. Inunda'tum fi 6..9 mo. tr. rt. Seric'eum 1..4o.wl.tr. 
Dendroi'des, fi 2 3 wt. pa. Curva'tum. fi 3..6 c. rk. tr. Myosuroi'des, fi 3 4 c. rk. Ni'gro-vir'ide, fi 3 ws. g wd. Donnia'num. fi — S. Complana'tum. 21 3 4 tr. Tricho- 
manoi'des, fi 2 3 tr. Denticula'tum. 21 3,4 wt. sd. pi. Crenula'tum, fi 3 4 o. tr. toerrula'tum, fi —g. I.ajte-vi'rens, fi — tr. Teesda'Iii. fi 6 7 sd. wd. Ripa'rium, fi 7 8 rv. 
lluscifo'lium, fi 3..9 rv. r. towart'zii, u — tr. I. Undula turn, fi 4..8 d. wd. Splen'dens, fi 3 4 d. he. Prolif'erum, fi 3 4 wd. Recog'nitum, fi 6,7 c. rk. Umbra'tum, 
2» — sd.sit. I. Pradon'gum. 21 12..3 rot. wd. Proten'sum fi — mo rk. 1. Stoke'sii, fi — rk. I. Abiel'inum, fi 6 ch. rk. Alopecu'rum, 2- 4 .6 mo. sd. pi. Stramin'eum, — wt. 
gy. pi. Adna'tum. fi — g. Confer'tum. fi 2 tr.’MuraTe, fi 1.2 wl. Velu'iinum, fi 2,3 sd. pa. Intrica'tum, fi 3 wd. Ser'pens, 21 3,4 mo. sd.pl. Atro-vi'rens, fi — wd. S. Tenel'lum, 
fi 2 4 tr. st. Al'bicans. 21 3 4 sa. su. sit. Plumo'sum, fi 12..4 ws. sd. sit. Implex'um, fi 4 rk. mt. Lutes'cens, fi 1.2 d. mt. Mol'le, fi — a. rv. Pu'rum, fi 11 me. gv. Illece'¬ 
brum, fi — gv. pa. Schre'beri. fi 11..3 wd. mo. pa. Ni'tensfi4m. Rufes'cens, fi — mo. a. rk. Cuspida'tum fi 3,4 m. Silesia'num, fi 6 a. S. Cordifo'lium. fi 4 w. p . 
Flui'tans, fi 6..8 cr. w. Pilif'erum, 2. — mo. gv. RutahuTum, 3tr.hu. Stria'tum, fi 3 gv. fr. Thurin'gicum fi —gv. I. Flagella're, fi — in. rk. Stella'tum, x 4 
tu hg toquarro'sum. fi 9.-3 mo. gv. toquarro'sulum, fi 5 6 wd. Lo'reum, fi 4 d. mt. Trique'trum. fi 10..3 wd. he. Rugo'sum, fi 4 5 bg. S Itocorpioi'des, fi 10..3 tu. bg. 
Revolv'ens, fi—me. I. Adun'cum, fi 7 8 m. Uncina'tum. fi 8 mo. mt. Palus'tre, 21 6..8 wt. pi. Fluviat'ile. fi — r. I. Alpi'num, fi 6 a. rv Cupressiforime, 4,5 wd. rk. 
Du'bium, fi 3 m. Fal'Iax, 2. 4,5 m Cornmuta'tum, fi 6 7 c. mt. Filici'num. fi 5 hg. rv. Mollus'cum, fi 5 6 c. mt. Cris'ta-castren'sis, fi ,6 wd. p—(17) Lu'cens fi 2. 6 
mo. sd. pi. Lai'te-vi'rens, fi — m. I.—(18) Antipyreti'ca, '4 7,8 rv. sg. p. toquamo'sa, fi 8,9 a. rv. Capilla'cea. fi —a. rv._(19) Hygromet'rica, © 4 5 sd. sa. pi. Muhlenber'gii, 
© 4 5 hp. Temple'torii, fi—I.—(20) Halleria'na, fi 7 mo. sd. a. Pomifor'mis fi 4 5 sd. rk. Cris'pa, fi 5 mt. Ithyphyl'la, fi 5 mt. Grac'ilis, fi mt. S. Fonta na, 
fi 6 7 bg. March'ica, 2. _ a. m. Arcua'ta, fi 7 8 a. m.—(21) Androg'ynum, fi 4,5 mo. sd. pi. Conoide'um, 4 — tr. p. Palus'tre, 4 6 7 bg.—(22) Nu'tans, fi 7,8 he. mt. 
Au'reuin, © 5 .7 c. sd. sit. ElongaTum, fi 6 a. rk. Tricho'des 4 6 m. Deaiba'tum, fi 6 mo. tu. Trique'trum, fi 7 m. I. Longicol'ltm, fi —mt. Obtusifo'lium, fi 7 gr I. 
Car'neum fi 4 mo. pa. Alpi'num, fi 5 6 a. rk. Crospiti'tium, fi 3.4 wl. hp. Bic'olor. fi 3 d. sa. Argen'teum, fi 2..5 su. wl. Zie'rii, n 8 mo. mt. Demis'sum, fi 7 8 mt. S. 
Jula'ceum. fi 1,2 gr. mt. Capillaire, 4 3 4 wd. he. Annoti'num, fi 5..8 wt. me. Compac'tum, fi— m. Attenua'tum. fi— bg. mt. Hor'num. fi 3 mo. gv. Cru dum, W 6,7 
mo. a. Margina'tum, fi 5 sd. pi. S. Interrup'tum, fi — a. S. Nig'ricans, fi — tu. bg. Cuhita'le, fi 8 mo. a. Ventrico'sum, fi 5 m. Bi'mum, fi 6 7 bg. mt. Tnrbina'tum, 
fi 4..6 bg. sa. pi. totella're, fi — mo. wd. Cuspida'tum, fi 4 5 mo. sd. pi. Puncta'tum fi 3,4 wt. sd. pi. Rostra'ium fi4..6bg. mt. Ro'ieum, I111..3 mo, wd p Ligula'tum, 
fi 4 mo sd. pi_(23) Commu'ne, fi 5.6 tu. wd. Attenua'tum, fi 4 tu. he. Grac'ile fi 5 m. S. I.^Pilif'erum, fi 4 5 gr. he. Juniperi'nun fi 4 he. mt. Stric'tum, fi 3 4 su. mt. 
Alpi'num, fi 8 he. a. Urnig'erum, fi 8 he. mt. Sexangula're, 4 — a. S. Subrotun'dum, © 1..3 hp. sa. i.a'nuin, © 2.3 d. hp. Aloi'des, O 3..8 mo. he. Dickso'ni, fi 4 
hpfgr. Rubel'lum, fi4 ba. he. Hercyn'icum. fi 7 a. VV. S. Undula'tum, fi 2 3 sd. pi. fr. 
(1) 5 species Polymor'pha, Cratia'ta, Hemisphai'nca, Co'nica, Androg'yna. (2) 48 species, Asplenioi'des. Lanceola'ta, Bidenta'ta, QuinquedentaTa. &c. (3) 1 species 
Hypophyl'la. 
lyi 
(4) 1 species 
i, llu,. 
10) 22 species, Al'bida, Al'lii 
a'tans, Sangui'neus Sinuo'sus 
Terres'tris. 
nspi 
(6)1 
L 
sniemoi'ties. i^anceoia la, imienta'ta, Quinquedenta'ta. &c. (3) 1 
2 species, Puncta'tus, Miillif idtis.' (6) 1 species, Pusil'ia. (7) 5 species, Na'tans, Min'inia, Glau'ca, Fluit'ans, Fruiliculo'sa, 
781 212 species' Ilugo‘'sis, Scrip'tus, Fagin'eus, Betuli'nus, Lac'leus. A'tro-al'bus. &c. (9) 19 species. Flos'aqua:, Phospho'rea, Airugim'sa, Velu'tina, Purpu'rea. Ni'gra, &c. 
- Al'kLL Al'lii Adna'ta. Arbo'rea, Cinnabari'na. Sabi'na, &c. (11) 36 species, Umbilica'lis, Latis'sima. Fu'sea Lanceola'ta, Lac'tuca, &c* (12) 85 species, 
s, Hypoelos'sum, Ova'iis. &c. (13) 53 species, Rivula'ris, Fontina'lis, Viola'cea, Furea'ta, Dichot'oma, &c. 
. ... ™ . --- o-™ Undula'tus. Purpu'reus, Infundibulifor'mis, Taberc'formis* &c. (3) 53 species, 
Auriscal'pium, Florifor'mia, IncarnYtum. Repan'duin &c. (5) 3 species, 
Gelatino'sa, «&c. (7) 29 species, Gy'rans, Phacorrhiz/a, EpiphyPla, gpat'nla, 
.'lis, Phylac'teris. 4^c. 
Oliva'ceus. (12) 
Furfurnce'us, &c, 
Grega'ria, &c. 
■W', G. Blackie, & Co.] 
PUBLISHED BY BLACKIE & SON, GLASGOW. 
[Printers, Yillafield. 
