The following are the Parts of Fructification, or the Flowers and Fruit 5 with that Appendage^ sometimes met with in Flowers, termed the Nectarium 
The Parts of Fructification are seven in numbei^i^. the Caltx, Corolla, Stamina, Pistillum, Pericarpidm, Semen, and Receptacl^ These parts of the Flower 
afford the most permanent marks or characters of distinction; and may indeed He looked upon aa so many vegetable letters inscribed on the physiognomy of plants by the hand 
knowledge of which may be acquired jEvith ease and celerity; and, when rightly understood, will lead, with safety and certainty, to the true knowledge of that most 
extended volume of Nature’s productions, the Vegttable World. ^ ^ j . , j ui 1 1 . * 
either single or double, simple] or compound. A flower is said to be single when all its parts are distinct and natural; double, when these become monstrous, 
ed, or deformed. When a calyk contains only one set of stamens and pistils, &c. it is a simple flower; when a number of florets are contained within one 
Flowers are 
multiplied, mutilated 
common calyx, it is termed a compound flower. The florets in a compound flower may be either male, female, neuter, or hermaphrodite; when the latter, the stamens are five 
in number, united by their anthers round one pistil. The compound flowers naturally associate themselves into three distinct beautifiil orders, viz, the Discoidece, when the 
! florets are all Tubular and of equal length, as in Tansys Semifiosculosi, when all the florets are Ligulate, or tongue-shapfed, like those in Dandelion; and the Radiaii, 
' when, like the Mountain Daisyj the florets in the centre are Tubular and those in margin Ligulate, They are distinguished into genera by the figure and leaves of the 
■ calyx, by the structure and appearance of the Receptacle, and by the presence or absence of down or chaff on its surface, or on the seeds. 
CALYX,; 
Ist, The Calyx, or Flower-Cup. The empafement or outer covering of the Flower 
is considered by Linnaeus to be the termination of .the cortical epidermis or outer bark of 
the plant; which, after accompanying the trunk through all its branches, breaks out with 
the flower, and is present in the fructification in th^ new form. The Calyx is mostly of 
a thick coarse substance, and generally green; while the Corolla is a delicate membrane, 
of a much finer texture, and is blue, red, or some bther colour distinct from that of the 
leaves or stem of the plant. The use of the Calyx te seemingly to enclose, defend, support, 
and retain in their proper situation, the less hardy ^t more essential organs of fructifica¬ 
tion : it differs as to situation, figure, and number ^Of its parts, and is termed accordingly, 
from its varied appearances,— r 
flhhreviatus, when considerably shorter than the ci^olla. 
Amentum, catkin, chaffy-like scales, among the floNfers, as in Hazel, Willow, &c. 
Anthodium, or Calyx communis, is a calyx which (pntains a number of little florets, so as, 
in appearance, to constitute only one flower as in the Mountain Daisy, &c. 
Cadueus, falling off before the flower. Fapaver ^omniferum. 
Calyculatus sive Auctus, a calyx, having a calyx o* little cup at the base, as in Dianthus, 
Dandelion, &c. , 
Cdlyptra, a veil, like an extinguisher, as in some fosses. 
Gluma, a husk, the chaff of Oats, Barley, Wheat, ind most Grasses. 
Deciduus, falling off at the same time with the flotrer. Tilia Europwa, 
Dentatus, when the segments on the margin are not deeper than the fourth of the tube. 
Duplex, double, as in Malva, Althea, &c. 
Fissus, when the segments are cut down to the mildle of the tube. 
Integer, entire, not cut on the margin. 
Monophyllus, consisting of one leaf. consisting of two or more leaves. 
Fartitus, divided beyond the middle and near to th^ base. 
Fersistens, remaining after the flower falls. 
Feriantimm, when it embraces the flower, as in Fmrose, Finh, &c. 
Involucrum, a cover or fence, when standing remote from the flower, as in Carrot, Hem- 
. lock, &c. 
Spatha, a sheath bursting lengthways, and allowaig the flower-stalks to put forth, as in 
Snowdrop, &c. 
Volva, a curtain surrounding the stem and attached to the pileus or top of many of the 
Fungi. 
COROLLA. 
2d, The Corolla —the Wreath, Little Crown, or Blossom—the term given by Lin- 
nseus to the beautiful painted leaves of the Flower. The most conspicuous part of the 
Fructification, standing within, and supported by, the Calyx, is an expansion of the fine 
inner bark of the plant, generally consisting of three parts,— viz. t^u^ the i\ihe,. fgux the 
throat, and the or expanded part of the blossom. These parts vary as to figure, 
situation, number, kc. Flowers may be of one or more petals or blossom-leaves; and 
are termed, Monopetalous, Dipetalous, Tripetalous, Tetrapetalous, Pentapetalous, Hexa- 
petalous, and Polypetalous. When a flower becomes double, it is. a monster. 
Monopetalous Flowers are termed 
Campanulata, gradually widening towards the mouth like a bell. 
Diformis, when the tube, after expanding, divides into unequal lobes. Lonicera. 
Hypocrateriformis, when the tube is long, and the rim flat and broad like a salver. Phlox, 
Infundibiliformis, an obverse cone, flat and turned out at the rim like a funnel. Datura, 
Ligulata, when a short tube terminates in a long expansion on one side, like a tongue, as 
in Dandelion, 
Ghhosa, when, like a sphere, it widens out gradually to the middle. Vacdnium, 
Personata, when both segments of a ringent corolla are close shut up, and the stamens 
' and the pistils masked. Snap-dragon, 
Rotata, when the tube is very short, and the rim flat like a wheel. Verbascum. 
Ringerv^ corolla having two segments, like the lips of an animal gaping open. Lamium, 
'Tubulosa, when like a hollow pipe of nearly equal diameter. Red Valerian, 
Unilahiata, upper or under lip of a ringent corolla is wanting—one-lipped. Teucrium. 
Polypetalous Corollas are termed 
Caryophyllacea, when fiVd petals are shaped and disposed as in Clove, Pink, &c. 
Crucig^, when four petals stand opposite to one another, cross-like, as in Stock, Mustard, &c. 
Trreg'idaris, consisting of two or more petals of different lengths and inclinations. 
Liliacea, when plants have one, three, or six petals, three or six stamens, a bulbous root, 
and leaves with longitudinal fibres, as in the Crocus, Narcissus, Lily, &c. 
Molvacea, when five petals are attenuated downwards, so as to unite close at the base, as 
in Mallows, &c. 
Papilionacea, butterfly-shaped, having four petals, the vexillum, carina, and the two alee 
' as in the Pea. 
Rosacea, when the petals are pretty round, and have no claws at the base, like the Rose, \ 
STAMINA. 
I 8 d, The Stamina or Stamens are thread-shaped processes, with little tops, generally 
isurrounding the seed-bud, and constituting one of the essential,parts of the flower (the 
male organ), said to be formed of the woody part of the plant j (fonsisting of three parts, 
viz, the Filanienlj. the Antler, and the Pollen. The Stamens vary as to situation, figure, 
jnumber, ^proportionate lengths, and connection. 
' The Filament is that part which elevates the Anther, and is described in terms suited 
to its varied appearances, as ^ 
Articulatum, when there are evident joints or commisures. 
\Capillare, equal thickness, as fine as a hair. Filiforme, thicker than a hair, thread-like. 
Conniventia, when several filaments bend to one another at their tops. ^ 
f uniforme, compressed, tapering to a point, wedge-like. Dilatatum, broad, widened out. 
fleclinata, when, without describing a large circle, they turn downwards. 
'Geniculatum, bent at the joints like a knee. Incurvum, bent in from the middle, bow-like. 
Plumosum, feathery—P27osMm, hairy—AZhdam, naked— Librum, loose—Connata, joined. 
Pedicellatum, when standing on foot-stalks, as in Sage. 
Suhulatum, like an awl, thicker below than above, gradually tapering. 
The Anther is that little bag or cellular body, containing the Pollen or fecundating 
powder, which, viewed through a magnifying lens, appears hollow,, and filled with a subtile 
fluid, and varying in figure, as 
Aristata, slender sharp substances, like awns of Barley, Muticus, awnless, beardless. 
Adnata, closely attached on both sides to the point of the filaments 
Apice dehiscens, opening at the top. Latere dehiscens, opening or bursting at the side. 
Bifida, cleft, as in the Grapes, 
Bilocularis, having two cells. Unilocularis, having only one cell. 
Cristata, crested with cartilaginous points on the sides or base. : 
Dentata, when there are indentations or teeth on the margin. . f 
Didyma, when double, or like two joined together. r 
\Globosa, round like a globe. Oblonga, diameter greater one way^than the other. 
Horizontalis, horizontal. Incumbens, lying obliquely on the top of the filament. 
\ Linearis, when long, flat, and of equal breadth, strap-shaped. 
Feltata, when circular, flat on both sides, and attached by the middle. 
Reniformis, shaped like the kidney of an animal. Sagitata, shaped like an arrow* 
Sessile, sitting, having no filament. 
Versitalis, moveable with the wind or any slight cause. ' 1 ^ 
PISfTILLUM. 
4th, The Pistillum or Pistil, therfemale, or second essential organ of the Flower * 
consisting of three parts— viz. the Gerp^n or rudiment of the future fruit; the Stylus, 
and the Stigma or top of the style: covered in 
in most plants only visible through the micro- 
the style or shaft, seated on the Germen 
general with numerous inhaling tubercl 
scope, and may vary in number, figure, 
The GEBiteN or Seed-Bud is 
Angiospermia, the seeds contained in a covering, Gymnospermia, the seeds naked. 
Germen inferum, sive fios superus, wheii the germen is below the calyx and corolla. 
Germen superum, sive fios inferus, when the germen is above the calyx or corolla. 
Monospermum, one; Disperma, two; Tetrasperma, four; Polysperma, many seeds. 
Pedicellatum, when furnished with a foot-stalk. 
Sessile, sitting, when the seed-bud has & 6 'foot-stalk. 
The Sttle or Shaft may be 
CqpiZZizm, .slender, like a hair of equal thickness. 
Clavatus, when thicker above than belowj club-shaped. 
Crassus, gross, when very thick and sl^’t. 
Deciduous, falling off immediately aftei^ [impregnation. 
Dichotomus, divided into two branches, jach of which is again divided. 
Lateralis, attached to the side of the geimen. Terminalis, standing at top of germens. 
Marcescens, first withering, and then fating off. Fersistens, when it does not fall off. 
Multifidvs, many cleft. ^ 
Setaceus, slender, but ridged like a brist]^. 
Subulatus, thicker below than above, and sharp-pointed like an awl. 
The Stigxa or Summit may be 
Acutum, terminating in a sharp point. Obtusum, terminating in a blunt point. 
Capitatum, headed, when hemispherical and flat under. 
Concavum, when hollow in the top, lilsf the Violet, 
Convolutum, when the divisions are roled inwards. 
Dentatum, when set with fine teeth. ^ • 
Emarginatum, when flat and notched ^n the summit. 
PencilHforme, consisting of thick closefleshy fibres, like a pencil. 
Petaloideum, when it has the appearanee of a petal. 
Revolutum, the divisions rolled backwards. Spiralis, when rolled up like a watch-spring. 
Uncinaium, hooked at the point. 
PERICARPIUM. 
5th, The Pericarpium is the Seed-Vessel, <r developed Seed-Bud, containing the 
seeds after fecundation. The Receptacle, or Calyi, performs this office in the Compound 
Flowers, and in all the Gymnospermia Plants. ■ ^here are eight distinct kinds of seed- 
vessels described by Linneeus, viz,—the . ^ 
Bacca, a berry, pulpy without valves, seeds in thjC julp, as in Gooseberry, 
Capsula, capsule, a membraneous vessel containing ^e seed, of various shapes and divisions. 
Drupa, a pulpy seed-vessel without valves, inclo|u^ a stone, as in Cherry, Pluird), &c. 
«» at OnC 
Ligumen, a membrane of two valves, seeds fixed tf one suture, as in Pea. 
Pomum, a fleshy or pulpy seed-vessel, covering, a .apsuie containing the seed, as in Apple, 
Siliqua, a long pod with two valves, seeds attached^tq both sutures. 
Sh'dbilus, a set of hard-tiled scales, as in the cone ^ the Fir, 
‘Willdenow adds the fojlowiDg 
Lomentum, a two-valved seed-vessel, with cells not opening. 
Pepo, a succulent fruit; the seeds attached to the ^d. 
Samara, a winged fruit, as in Elm. . . 
Theca, a dry fruit, opening with a lid; and NiiSi^ nut, as in Hazel, 
SEMEN. 
6 th, The Semen or Seeu, is the essence of every fruit, aud the rudiment of a new 
vegetable, rendered fertile by the aspersion of the Pollen. The parts of the Seed are the 
\Ala, a membrane or wing found attached to the back or margin of some seed-vessels. 
^ Arillus, an ill-defined membrane, covering the seed, and sometimes the pericarpium. 
Coronvla, a little cro\ya or pappus, attached to the seed of the compound flowers. 
Corcxdum, the little heart, consisting of the rostellum and plumulla, the former descends 
into the earth and becomes the root, and the latter ascends and becomes the stem. 
\Coiy 2 cdoMas, tko oR ft nging at germination into leaves. „ 
I Hilum, an external scat or mark, indicating the place of the corculum. 
' Tunica externa, the oiMer integument or covering. 
Tunica interna, the inter integument or covering of the seed. 
Pappus, down, a feathffy or hairy flying crown on the seeds of most compound flowers. 
CapiUaris vel PUiosus, ^ihen very fine, like hairs. 
Paleaceus, chafiy-like scaes or small leaves on the top of the seed. 
Plumosus, down divided like a feather. Tragapogon. 
Sessilis, sitting on the seei without foot-stalk. Stipitatus, supported by a little foot-stalk. 
Setaceus, when covered with rigid bristles. Centurea Negra. 
RECEPTACULUM. 
7th, The Receptaculum or Receptacle, the place upon which the other parts of 
the Flower rest; it may be proper or common, bearing one or jnore flowers; it may be 
flat or spherical, dry or hard, soft or fleshy, smooth or covered with hair; and is some¬ 
times the esculent part of the fruit, as in the Strawberry, &c, aud is termed 
Apicvlatum, when covered with fleshy erect short points, prickly., 
C^onicum, rising to a point in the centre. ‘ 
Convexum, somewhat elevated in the centre. 
i^Pavoaum, when pite, like the oclls of a konoy-comh, cover tko ~ 
Gldbrum, smooth, destitute of hairs or points. 
Paleaceum, when set with scales or short leaves like chaff. 
PUosum, set with short stiff hairs. Villosum, set with long softjhairs. 
Planum, flat. 
Punctatum, when the surface is covered with small punctures. 
Scorhiculatum, when there are deep round pits on the surface. ; i 
Setaceum, covered with rigid bristles. Paleaceum, set with small leaves or scales. 
Tuberculatum, when covered with small round eminences, or waity-like substances. 
Varium, when the centre is smooth, and rim chaffy, hairy, or pijlckly. 
NEpTARIUM. 
There is still another important pa^ met with frequently in Flowers, called the Nec¬ 
tarium, or Honey-Cup; the office oft which seems to be the secreting or containing the 
honey of the flower, and affords the be^ marks of generic distinction. The principal di¬ 
versities, in form or situation, of this striking appendage may be embraced in the follow¬ 
ing varieties: — f 
I 
. »• 
Barba, short hairs or soft bristles at t^e opening of the calyx or corolla. Thymus, 
Calcaraium, when shaped like a cocksjB.', as in March Violet, &c. 
Cornicitlatumy wken shaped axid'eroo^^ a’ho^n. XtAjpMnixim. 
Cucullum, a hollow bag or hood, as m Aeonitum. 
Cyathiforme, when formed like a cup, ^bracing the germen. Narcissus, 
Favosum, when honey-combed, or having pits like a honey-comb. Fritillaria, 
Fornix, the arch, a small elongation on the tube or throat of the corolla, as in Anchusa. 
Glandules Nectariferce, small glands or round bodies giving out honey. Cruciform fiowers. 
Plicatum, when some part of the corolk is folded inwards. Staticce. 
Pori Nectariferi, small holes or pores giving out honey, as in Hyacinth, 
Staminiforme, an appearance like stamps, as in Parnasia Palustrus, 
Sgumes Nectariferi, small scales that s^rete honey, as in Ranunculii, 
A Key to the Four Grand Divisions of Linnjeus' Sexual System of Botany, illustrated by the Indigenous Plants of Great Britain^ 
L—CLASSES. 
The Classes are founded upon the number, thrfproportionate lengths, the connection, or .the 
situation of the Stamens. The first 20 comprelfod all the flowers which are obviously her¬ 
maphrodite; the 2 Ist, such plants as have stameil.on one flower and pistils on another; in the 
22 d, we find stamens in the flowers of one plam and pistils in the flowers of another of the 
same species; in the 2Sd are found male, female,4nd hermaphrodite flowers on the same plant; 
and in the 24th class, the parts of fructification]al inconspicuous.—The Classes are exemplified 
by, at least, one Genus, with the Natural Ordej to which it belongs, according to Linnaeus’ 
“ Fragments of a Natural Method,” 
1 Monandria, cont aining Plants of 1 Stamec^.... Hippuris, Inundata:,,, 
2 Diandiia. 2 do. . .Pinguicula, Corydales, 
3 Triandria, 
3 do. L . Foa, Grammes, 
4 Tetrandria, 
4 do. af equal lengths....-R rMu, Stellatce, 
5 Petandria. 
5 do. iiot united. Airopa. Lurid<e, 
6 Hexandria, 
6 do. tf equal lengths,. 
7 Heutandria. 
7 do. L. ... TrientalisJ Rotacecs 
8 Octand ria, 
9 Ennean dria,^ 
10 Decandria, 
8 do. 
.. Epilohium, Calucanthemm 
9 do. K. ... Butomust Trivetaloidece, 
11 Dodecandria, 
12 Icosandria, 
from 11 to 19 do. 
10 do. L . Dianthus, Caryophyllei, 
20 or more do. 
y. Euphorbia, Tricocece,,.., 
m the Calyx. Fvrus„ Pomacece, 
is Folvandria, 
20 to 1000 do. ibnthe Receptacle. Papaver, Rheeadex, 
14 Didvnamia. 
15 Tetradynaroia, 
4 do. B long and 2 short, Lamium, Ringentis, 
• * • • • 
6 do. li long and 2 short, Cochlearia, CruciformcBj 
16 Mouadelpbia, all the Filaments united. a. . Malva,-Columniferce, 
17 Diadclphia. Filaments united into 2 sets. ... Vicia., Payilionac^, . 
18 Folvadeluhia, Filaments united into 3 or mot sets,. Hypericum, Rotacea:^ 
19 Syngenesia. 5 Stamens united hv their Anftra^. Anthemis, Comvosita:^ 
20 Gyandria, the Stamens growing on the ... Orchis^ Orchidece, 
21 Monosecia, Flowers with Stamens, others iy Is. on same Plan t. Conifera:, , . 
22 Uiosecia, Stamens on one Plant, and Fii^a on another... 
28 Folyganiia, both or one se x and herma. floitaon Rame Plant, Atrivlex,Holoracea:,,,,„ 
24 Cryptogamia, Inconspicuous Flowers,.. Polypodium, Bryum, ^c. 
IL—ORDERS. 
The characters of this division depend upon the number of the pistils, the presence or 
absence of a seed-vessel, its shape, on the number and connection of the stamens, or 
the arrangement d the florets. The Orders in the first 18 classes are taken from the 
number of the pistils; the I4tb, from the seeds being naked or covered; the 15th, from 
the shape of the seed-vessel; the 16th, 17th, and 18th, from the number of stamens; the 
19th, from the arrangement of the florets; the 20 th, 21 st, 22 d, and 23d, from the num¬ 
ber and connection of the stamens; the orders of the 24th class are formed of natural 
families. 
Has 2 Orders. Monogynia and Digynia, .1 and 2 Pistils 
^ do. “Mono- and JUigynia, 
y •••••a 
3 do. ! Mono- Hi- and I’rigynia, 
3 do. |; Mono - Di- and Tetragy nia... 
7 do. ! Mono- Pi- Tri- Tetra- Fenta- Hexa- and Polygynia,. 
3_^ Mono- Tri- and Polygynia,.. 
do. ? ^lonogyniOi 
4 do. ; Mono- Di- Tri- and Tetragynia. ... 
1 do. Hexagynia 
4 do. ~^Mono- Di- Tri- and Pentagynia, 
III.—GENERA.. 
<' 
Nature has connected the vegetable tribes by certain affinities or resemblances, and these 
resemblances have been made the foundation of Genera to facilitate the knowledge of 
plants. To distinguish the Genera, it is necessary to describe accurately all the seven 
parts of fructification; and such a description is termed the generic character. The 
essential character of a genus depends upon some peculiarity in the structure of the flower, 
in which the plants of a genus agree with one another, and which essentially distinguishes 
them from every other, and is most frequently taken from the calyx or corolla, or from 
the nectarium when present. 
*3 do. T Mono- Fenta- and Polygynia 
^ uv t s.jIlL ' j 
• • 
do. Mono- Fenta-^nd Tolygym^ ...... 
■ do. ^ Gymnospermia and Angiospermia 
• • • • • 
•••••• 
9 
•••••• 
2 do. ■ Siliculosa and Siliquosa...... 
__ iqi 
3 do. r Pent- Dec- and PoIyan3ria 
3 do. Hex- Oct- and Decandrl^ 
y •••••••• 
1 do. [•Folvandria,..... . .. 
3 do. 1 Polygamia, Equalses, Superflua, and Frustranea,.g^.ag^^,at>gk^.ti^j.J^ ^^ 
3 do. : Mono- Di-and Hexandria, 
0 do. i Mono- Tri- Tetr- Pent- Polyandria, aud Monadelphia, 
8 do. T pi- Tr\. fetr- Pent- Hex- Uct- Enneandria* and MonadelphiX*.*... 
I do, [- Monoseci^ __ 
4 do. r Felices, Musci, Algae, and Fungi 
11 
do. 
48 
do. 
22 
do. 
97 
do. 
26 
do. 
i 
do. 
13 
do* 
1 
do. 
20 
do. 
5 
do. 
12 
do. 
21 
do. 
33 
do. 
29 
do. 
5 
do. 
19 
do. 
1 
do. 
41 
do. 
11 
do. 
23 
do. 
14 
do. 
1 
do. 
41 
do. 
Has 5 Genera, 4 in the 1 st Order, and 1 in the 2 d, 
10 in the 1st Order, and 1 in the 2d, 
12 in the 1st Order, S3 in the 2d, and 3 in the 3d,. 
14 in the 1 st Order, I in the 2 d, and 7 in the 3d,. 
41 in Ist Order, 46 in 2d, 5 in Sd, 1 in 4tli, 3 in 5th, 1 in 6 th, & 1 in 7th, 
19 in 1st Order, 1 in 2d, 6 in Sd, and 1 jn 4th,. 
Calyx 7 leaved, Corolla 7 parted, equal flat, Berry one-celled, dry,. 
9 in Ist Order, 1 in 2d, and 3 in 3d, .. 
Calyx, Involucre simple, 3 leaved, Cor. 6 Retailed, Capsulis 6 , seeds many, 
4 in 1 st Order, 6 in 2d, 4 in 3d, and 7 ii 4th,. 
2 in Ist Order, 1 in 2d, 1 in 3d, and 1 in 4th,... 
1 in 1 st Order, 3 in 2 d, and 8 in 3d, . 
8 in Ist Order, 5 in 2d, and 8 in 3d,. 
20 in 1 st Order, and 13 in the last, ..... 
15 in Ist ^^rder, and 14 in 2d.................... 
1 in 1st Order, 1 in 2d, and 3 in 3d, «.v<...*.*.*..... 
1 in Ist Order, 1 in 2d, and 17 in 3d,..,.... 
Cal^ 5 parted, Cor. 5 petalled, Styles 1 ,3, or 5, Stamens in 3 or 5 sets, 
22 in 1st Order, 18 in 2d, and 1 in Sd,... 
9 in 1st Order, 1 in 2d, and 1 in Sd, ....... 
2 in 1st Order, 5 in 2 d, 4 in 3d, 3 in 4ih, 10 in 3th, and 1 in 6 th,.... 
1 in 1st Order, 2 in 2 d, 3 in 3d, 1 in 4t, 1 in 5t, 2 in 6 t, 2 in 7t, 2 in 8 t, 
Hermaphrodite, Calyx 6 leaved, no Cor(^a, Stamens 6 , Style cleft, seed 1, 
18 in 1st Order, and 23 in 2 d, 3d and 4th not enumerated,...... 
it—SPECIES. 
By a Species is meant each pajticular plant belonging to a genus, which retains 
its peculiar characteristic marks- unchanged when raised from seed. They are, 
however, liable to vary, by culture, in colour, and some accidental circumstances. 
Specific distinction is founded 4 d peculiarities of the stem, branches, leaves, in¬ 
florescence, roots, the presence ;or absence of down or thorns, the duration of the 
plant, &c. 
t 
Contains 14 Species, 10 Annuals and 4 Perennials. 
9 Ann. 25 Per. and 4 Trees. 
42 Ann*.3 Biennials, and 120 Per. 
16 Ann, 2 Bien. 43 Per. and 2 Trees. 
56 Ann,^23 Bien. Ill Per. and 27 Shrubs. 
4 Ann. 81 Per. and 1 Shrub. 
Europa. 
9 Ann, I Bien. 15 Per. and 13 Shrubs, 
XJmbelhtus, 
24 Ann- 75 Per, and 4 Shrubs. 
3 Ann.4 Per. 
23 Per. i9 Trees and Shrubs. 
16 Ann. 84 Per. and 10 Shrubs. 
25 Ann. 2 Bien. and 60 Per. 
34 Ann. 13 Bien. 23 Per, and 1 Shrub. 
10 Ann. 1 Bien. and 10 Per. 
29 AnnJ35 Per. and 6 Shrubs. 
10 Per. and 1 Shrub. 
34 Anni 18 Bien. and 84 Per. 
All Perinnials. 
10 Ann. 1 Bien, 81 Per. and 12 Trees and Shrubs. 
X Ann; @ Per, 66 Trees and Shrubs. 
6 Ana and 1 Shrub. 
61 Ani]y and 355 Per. 
IS 14 Specie 
38 
do* 
162 
do. 
63 
do. 
217 
do. 
86 
do. 
1 
do. 
38 
do. 
1 
do. 
106 
do. 
7 
do. 
72 
do. 
60 
do. 
87 
do. 
71 
do. 
21 
do. 
70 
do. 
11 
do. 
136 
do. 
S3 
do. 
104 
do. 
73 
do. 
7 
do. 
416 
do. 
Thus I have endeavoured to bring together, andlresent to the eye at one view, in a more narrow compass than has hitherto been done, nearly all that is essential to be known, towards prosecuting, with success, the study of Practical Botany; and, should this Breviate happen to excite, in any one, a desire tocultivate an acquaintance with this most delightful 
health and strengthen the body; while the nice distinctions, requisite in the examination of plants, will sharpen the powers of discernment, and will ultimately improve the mind, I 
science, it may become the source of much pleasul to the individual, as the exercise necessary in' the pursuit will confirm the 
order and regular succession of the different geneijtions of Vegetables, and of the sublimely-simple, yet inflexible laws, imposed by the Creator and Moral Governor of the Universe upon the Third-Day Volume of his Book. 
by furnishing it with coiTect conceptions of the beautiful 
ENTERED XN STATIONS 
HAEIi. 
GIjASGOW; DAVID ALLAN & CO. SHIP BANK BUILDINGS, 23, GLASSFORD-STREET ; G. T. ALLAN & CO. PAISLEY. 
SOLD BY D. LIZARD, A. BLACK, AND J. ANDERSON, JUN. EDINBURGH; HURST, CHANCE, & CO. LONDON; AND W. CURRY, JUN. & CO, DUBLIN. 
cubll, printer. 
