The Heermann Gull 
in the air, returns by a wide circuit and again passes over the school 
from the rear. As the fish all swim in one direction, in a compact mass, 
these tactics afford the gulls a decided advantage which seems to be 
thoroughly understood.” 
Dr. J. G. Cooper, an early observer, was among the first to note the 
parasitic habits of this gull. He says: ‘‘Though quite rapid in flight, 
and well able to supply themselves with food, they have a curious habit 
of ‘sponging’ on the pelicans and large gulls. Often a long train of peli¬ 
cans is seen, as the tide is rising, slowly wandering round the bay, each 
one attended by one or more of these gulls, which are usually some dis¬ 
tance behind. Whenever a pelican awkwardly plunges into the water 
and emerges with its enormous scoop-net full of fish, its parasites are 
sure to be ready and fearlessly seize the fish from its very jaws, the 
stupid bird never resenting the insult, or appearing to take the least 
notice of the little pilferer, which it could easily rid itself of by one blow, 
or even swallow alive.” 
The Heermann Gull is our most conspicuous example of what we 
call reverse migration. That is, it goes south instead of north to breed. 
Taken at La Jolla 
THE AUGUST CONCLAVE OF ANCIENT LOAFERS 
Photo by the Author 
