44 
Live Stock and Dairy 
MISMANAGEMENT OF A COW. 
My high-bred Jersey cow calved De¬ 
cember 22, 1909, giving 17 quarts of milk, 
and being -approximately eight years old. 
She was not bred until December 31, 1910; 
dried off and sent out to superior pas¬ 
ture June 1. She calved again October 6, 
giving 10 to 14 quarts. Calf was allowed 
to suckle for several weeks at the night 
milking time. We found that the quantity 
of milk given in the morning was falling 
lower quite gradually but supposed the 
calf was getting “the lion's share” when 
suckling at night. Upon disposing of the 
calf it was found that by very careful milk¬ 
ing and weighing the milk she is giving at 
this time but a little more than five quarts. 
She has had plenty of hay and four quarts 
of bran and two of middlings daily, ap¬ 
pears to be in perfect condition, drinks 
about 80 pounds of water daily, usually 
at one time, refusing water beyond a couple 
of quarts in the morning generally. Is 
there anything I can do for her? She has 
always dropped bull calves, so that I fear 
I may not be able to get a heifer from 
her. Would I better beef her, and if so 
would you advise as to feed and quantity? 
New York. w. a. t. 
Ans. —I do not think there is anything 
the matter with this cow. The wonder 
is that she will give any milk at all 
after several weeks of such management. 
She has not been properly fed for a 
cow in full flow of milk. “Plenty of 
hay’’ is indefinite. If it meant prop¬ 
erly harvested clover or Alfalfa, the 
case would not be so bad. But if it 
meant late-cut Timothy, one can readily 
see that the cow was getting only a fair 
ration for a dry cow. Then that method 
of letting the calf suck for several weeks 
at night, and trying to get the milk by 
hand in the morning is about the worst 
I ever heard of in the way of cow mis¬ 
management. It is nature for the cow 
to feed her calf, and it is against nature 
for her to feed men. But the cow’s 
memory is not strong, and she learns 
to forget the calf and yield her milk 
to man, provided the man wins her con¬ 
fidence and keeps her nerves at ease. 
But the cow can remember over night, 
and after the calf has sucked at night 
she will remember him in the morning. 
So when the man tries to get her milk 
she becomes uneasy, her nerves are dis¬ 
turbed and she “holds up her milk.” 
This will cause less secretion of the 
milk glands at the next time they are 
called upon to act, and the cow goes 
dry if the method is followed up. The 
time it will take to accomplish this de¬ 
pends upon the natural persistency of 
the cow to give milk. 
Here we do not like to let the calf 
suck at all. After birth the cow is 
allowed to lick the calf dry, when it is 
removed to a warm dry pen and the 
navel cord washed with a good disin¬ 
fectant. Then the cow’s udder is re¬ 
lieved of its pressure by drawing a little 
milk from each teat, and this milk is 
reduced with a little warm water and 
fed to the calf. At this time the calf 
will learn to drink nearly as readily as 
he will learn to suck. My reason for 
not milking the cow dry at first is that 
the danger of milk fever is greatly 
lessened if the udder is kept fairly well 
distended for the first three or four 
days. Now about feeding a cow in full 
flow of milk. Here are some rations 
that were fed to Jersey cows while on 
test to produce the greatest profit above 
cost of feed in a given time: 
Twenty-three pounds Alfalfa hay, 15 
pounds corn silage, five pounds corn 
meal, three pounds bran, three pounds 
ground oats, 1J4 pound oil meal, one 
pound cotton-seed meal, three pounds 
gluten. On this ration, with some slight 
changes as her condition seemed to war¬ 
rant, one cow made a profit of $67.74 
in 120 days. Another cow of less ca¬ 
pacity was fed as a day’s ration 20 
pounds Alfalfa hay, 10 pounds corn sil¬ 
age, three pounds cornmeal, 2^2 pounds 
bran, two pounds oil meal, one pound 
cotton-seed meal, 3 l A pounds gluten. 
This cow made a profit of $45.57 in the 
same period. On a truck farm, roots 
and waste vegetables could be substi¬ 
tuted for silage, and some other feeds 
could be changed. But a cow in full 
flow of milk ought to have about 10 
pounds of good grain ration a day. If 
the cow is now in good flesh it would 
probably be as well to fatten her, con¬ 
sidering her age, and there is nothing 
better than cornmeal to do this. Begin 
by adding a quart of meal to the pres¬ 
ent feed and increase until she has all 
she will eat with relish. 
J. GRANT MORSE. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
January 13, 
FIGURING ON HOGS. 
Can you expect from 10 sows 20 pigs a 
year, sell pigs twice a year averaging 150 
pounds a pig, and receive seven cents a 
pound for them? Thus from 10 sows 200 
pigs at 150 pounds equals 30.000 pounds, 
at seven cents equals $2,100. What i3 
the approximate cost of maintenance and 
best breed?. subscriber. 
An average of 10 pigs to a litter is too 
high; six or seven being more reason¬ 
able, especially if two litters per year 
be attempted. Only mature sows should 
be used to produce two litters per year, 
and the pigs must be weaned in about 
seven weeks and the sow bred as soon 
as possible. It is to be understood that 
both sows and pigs are to get plenty of 
suitable feed, and that the pigs are to be 
started on feed as soon as possible. It 
will be no trouble to make six-months 
pigs weigh 150 pounds, but seven cents 
per pound is too high, as in most hog 
markets at present hogs net the farmer 
about six cents. “Subscriber” may esti¬ 
mate results as follows: Ten sows if 
they all produce two litters per year, and 
they all live, there should be 125 to 140 
pigs each year, and assuming that 140 
pigs live to maturity and weigh 150 
pounds selling for six cents per pound, 
the gross income will be $1,260. As to 
cost, if two litters a year are to be pro¬ 
duced and all the feed must be bought 
for these sows and pigs and the pasture 
is limited, there will be a feed bill of 
about $2.40 per day or $876 per year to 
which must be added the cost of the 
sows, which, if they weigh 200 pounds 
each, will be $120 for the 10, and $10 
for use of boar, totaling $1,006, and leav¬ 
ing a net profit of $254 for the first year. 
This does not make any allowance for 
disease or accidents. With cheap grains 
from pasture, skim-milk, table and other 
wastes and a large part of the grain 
raised at home there ought to be a neat 
profit and especially after the first year 
when cost of sows and buildings must 
be reckoned with. There is no best 
breed of hogs. Probably some cross¬ 
bred sows mated to purebred boars 
would be better in this case than pure- 
breds. w. e. duckvvall. 
Ohio. 
MUST HAVE A SILO. 
I must build a silo next Summer. I have 
standing nine hemlocks that would make 
probably 4,000 feet 2x4 stuff for this pur¬ 
pose. Your opinion is desired on an octa¬ 
gonal silo, with cement base and pit. 16 
feet diameter by 30 feet high. 2x4 to be 
planed and spiked together without any 
filler between joints. If well laid and weil 
spiked would it not answer about as well 
as a tub? Two by fours laid so silo wall 
will be four inches thick should protect 
from frost better than an inch or two- 
inch tub and would require no hoops, guying 
or reinforcement. Would it be better* for 
inside facing of tar or paint? e. c. r. 
New York. 
Ans. —In regard to building the oc¬ 
tagonal silo my advice would be. don't 
do it. There are several reasons for 
this. The outward pressure on the sides 
of a silo, when filled, is considerable, 
and it would be difficult, if not indeed 
impossible, to spike the timbers together 
securely enough to prevent bulging and 
pulling apart. If you wish to build a 
silo in this way you must put plank 
around the outside, edgewise against the 
silo, and securely spiked together at the 
corners at intervals of three to. five feet 
apart. But a round silo, two inches 
thick, will require less than half the 
lumber, will be easier to build and will 
preserve the silage better. There would 
be very little difference in the freezing, 
and when cracks appear, as they are sure 
to do when the silo dries out after being 
emptied, the round tub can be tightened. 
Freezing of silage to the sides can us¬ 
ually be prevented by keeping the silage 
a few inches lower around the edge. It 
is advisable, if possible, to have the silo 
sheltered from the direct force of west 
and north winds. Do not paint or tar 
the inside of the silo. It will hasten 
rather than retard the process of decay. 
Farmers’ Bulletin No. 32, which is free 
for the asking from the U. S. De¬ 
partment of Agriculture. Washington. 
D. G, is worth reading by one who in¬ 
tends to build a silo. Unless one has a 
very large dairy a silo 12 feet in dia¬ 
meter is plenty large enough, and 15 
feet is about the limit. Lf more capacity 
is needed either increase the height or 
build two silos. c. l. m. 
Heaves. 
I have a horse 18 or 20 years old, which 
has had a cough for a year or more; have 
doctored for one thing and another but 
found no relief except when doctoring for 
glanders. He seems to grow worse of late; 
he coughs more when I feed dry grain. He 
seems to have some small swellings grow¬ 
ing on his windpipe; he is full of wind 
when driving on the road and when he 
coughs. He eats well, feeds well, but does 
not gain in flesh as he should. Will you 
tell me what to do for him? s. w. 
Maine. 
Wet all food, do not feed any bulky food 
at noon or work horse soon after a meal, 
feed oat straw in preference to hay in Win¬ 
ter and let him live on grass in Summer. 
Night and morning give half an ounce of 
Fowler’s solution of arsenic after giving a 
few smaller preliminary doses. Where 
glanders is suspected the matter should at 
once be reported to the State Veterinarian. 
There is a heavy penalty for hiding a case 
of glanders. The disease is incurable, ter¬ 
ribly contagious and requires the destruc¬ 
tion of the horse according to law. Glan¬ 
ders also is communicable and fatal to 
man. a. s. a. 
Lame Dog. 
I have a Scotch collie dog about one 
year old. He has lost his appetite, and 
eats only about one good meal a day. One 
day I bought some meat for him and gave 
him a large piece raw, which he burled. 
He is very poor and is not lively. What 
shall I do for him and what food shall I 
give him? B. M. 
One meal a day is enough for an adult 
dog, provided he is well and digests the 
food. We cannot say what is the matter 
with the collie, as lack of appetite and 
consequent loss of flesh may come from any 
serious disease. See that his bowels are 
kept open. If he is constipated give him 
a physic of castor oil shaken up in milk. 
As a tonic give twice daily 20 drops of 
elixir of calisaya, iron and strychnine in a 
little water. Emulsion of cod liver oil 
given once or twice daily In tablespoonful 
doses might help. It would be best, how¬ 
ever, to have an examination made by the 
local graduate veterinarian. He may find 
that a tapeworm is the cause of the trou¬ 
ble. a. s. A. 
Throat Disease in Horse. 
My horse has a cough; has had it for 
about three years. She gets it in the Fall 
and has it till Spring. It seems to hurt her 
to swallow food if she is eating. When I 
ride her she seems to cough more than at 
other times and very nearly chokes. I am 
feeding dry feed, cane and grass. The 
horse has a running at the nose. She is a 
fine animal. I have had some tell me it 
was cotton-seed meal that caused this cough. 
I fed her on this about 18 months ago, and 
have not fed her any since. Have had 
others tell mo it was good to feed horses; 
some say it will make them go blind. If It 
is good to feed horses, how much can I 
feed per day? j. b. 
We suspect that the glands of the throat 
are enlarged or it may be that there is a 
tumor far back in the nostril, and that it 
drops into the throat, causing cough. Wet 
all food. Do not feed any bulky food at 
noon or work the horse soon after a meal. 
Clip the hair from the throat from ear to 
ear and blister once a month with cerate of 
cantharldes. Dissolve a dram of iodide of 
potash in the water night and morning for 
five consecutive days a week for several 
weeks. The trouble may not prove curable, 
but lf a tumor is present it could be re¬ 
moved by operation. The teeth also should 
be looked to by an expert. Cotton-seed 
meal may be fed for a part of the ration 
for a horse. He may take up to a pound 
or so a day. a. s. a. 
RFIElD! 
BLOOD 
TONICS 
1 ilii 
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Keep Your Animals 
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an individual preparation for each kind 
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505 8. Delaware Are, 
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I Dealers write 
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