48 
THR RURAt NEW -VORKEH 
January 13, 
Trouble With Churning, 
I liave a four-year-old cow, cross of 
Jersey and Durham, due to calve in March. 
She gives about eight quarts per day now, 
good rich milk, plenty of thick cream, on 
two quarts of cornmeal both morning and 
night, and all the hay she will eat, and 
plenty of water. But since we cannot 
allow her out on pasture we have great 
trouble in making butter. We make only 
for our family, and use a stone crock and 
an egg beater for a churn, until the butter 
forms, then finish it in a wooden bowl 
with a fork. The last few times a few 
small lumps of butter would form and 
adhere to the egg beater; but could not get 
any more, even though we churned for three 
days; we let the cream stand in the kitchen 
where it is warm, so as to sour the cream, 
which is usually thre days old when we 
churn. We use a thermometer and have 
the cream about 60 degrees when churning. 
•All dishes are kept clean by scalding and 
yet we cannot get any butter since the cow 
is off pasture. I>o you think the trouble 
lies in the feed, or is it the method which 
we use in making the butter? A. s. 
Massachusetts. 
Ans. —You are feeding a one-sided 
ration. Cut out half the cornmeal and 
replace it with an equal weight of bran. 
See that your cow has access to salt, 
and if possible give her some form of 
succulent food such as roots, small po¬ 
tatoes or cabbage leaves. I think it 
would pay you to invest in a small box 
or barrel churn. One of the old-fash¬ 
ioned up and down dash churns would 
be an improvement on the eff" beater 
and stone crock. Keep your cream cool 
until enough is collected for a churning. 
It should then be warmed to 70 degrees 
and kept at that temperature until it 
has a pronounced acid taste. This will 
probably take from 12 to 24 hours. The 
ripening process will be hastened if you 
add a little good buttermilk or lactic 
acid ferment. If you cannot churn at 
60 degrees, try a higher temperature; 
even 68 or 70 may be advisable some¬ 
times, warming or cooling it. c. s. M. 
Changes in Massachusetts Farming. 
It is amazing to think of the change in 
country life which has taken place in this 
vicinity, and in fact all over eastern Massa¬ 
chusetts, and to a large extent the western- 
portion also. Perhaps a rough description 
of the change in this vicinity in the last 
20 years will show the general trend of 
these changes. There are within a circle 
of about two miles of my place some 60 
farms and homes ranging from two acres 
up to several hundred, with an average of 
perhaps 60 to 70 acres. On these places 
at present time only 10 have the original 
inhabitants or descendants of the same; 
the rest have changed hands, some many 
times. One strange thing about this circle; 
only one place of the 60 has an occupant 
that you could call a foreigner, and only 
one is for sale for reason of not having an 
occupant. This is a large farm with large 
roomy buildings sitting on a hill from 
which one can look in one direction 28 
miles to the city of Boston, and in another 
direction clear to Wachusctt Mt., probably 
40 miles away. This will sooner or later 
be taken by some rich person for a Sum¬ 
mer home. Already eight of this class have 
bought and occupy that many places within 
the circle; the remainder are mostly well- 
to-do or in comfortable circumstances only; 
perhaps two are what would be called poor 
people. One of 'these eight has spent 
over $35,000 In improvements on his place, 
and is still at it, digging out rocks of 
will eh he has an abundant supply; has 
laid up large double walls on the roadside 
and between pastures and tillage land. 
Some of these are wide enough to drive a 
team on, and he is now piling them in a 
huge heap on one of the ledges in a 
pasture. He has built several barns, keeps 
purebred Guernsey cattle and sells the milk 
right in his own town, also has a large 
flock of sheep. This farm was originally 
run by two brothers who had no extra 
help except perhaps in haying. Now six 
or eight men work on it all the time, and 
from 10 to 25 day help are often used. 
Some of the others have and are making 
great improvements, and keeping many 
times the help which had originally taken 
care of the places. 
But right here I want to say that not 
one of the eight probably is getting 50 
cents on a dollar back: or ever will for 
that matter. But this does not trouble 
them a bit; they iiave the money to spend 
and intend to have the fun of spending it 
as they like. There are certainly many 
people in the world who are spending it 
much more foolishly in other ways, and 
doing no good whatever. These people em¬ 
ploy much help and pay them well, and 
in this way at least are doing good and 
helping the community. This has been in 
the past a milk-producing section, and 20 
years ago probably twice as much milk 
was sold as at present. Many of the new¬ 
comers do not make milk for Boston. 
Ten to 20 years ago social life was en¬ 
joyed much more than at present, as 
everyone knew everyone else, and all were 
practically of one class. Neighborhood 
parties were engaged in by both young and 
old, sewing bees, etc., were the rule. Meet¬ 
ings were held in the local school house, 
since sold and carried away, and all en¬ 
joyed a good time generally. All this 
is now past; while everybody is friendly 
yet it is a sort of distant friendship. Per¬ 
haps the reason for this is we do not 
understand each other’s habits very well. 
Many of the new residents come from dif¬ 
ferent places. Maine, Boston, New York, and 
so on. Each one perhaps think the others 
queer and quite different from what he is 
familiar with. People are also apt to 
think other people or things from some 
other place are not quite so good as them¬ 
selves or theirs. So these different ideas 
rubbing together perhaps cause a friction 
which will in time wear away and a better 
understanding of each other's worth will 
cause a closer friendship to grow and flour¬ 
ish. One thing is certain, we have not the 
get-together and help spirit we should have, 
and must have if we are to better condi¬ 
tions which are very much needed and 
which are our right as producers and citi¬ 
zens. Our only salvation is to work to¬ 
gether for the good of all. and not each for 
himself. 
Of course electric cars have since come 
in, telephone and other things, yet I doubt 
if the people enjoy these things half as 
much as they did to hitch up the old 
carryall or perhaps go afoot to some one of 
the neighbors and enjoy the long Winter 
evenings in chat, song and games, or per¬ 
haps some evening work which brought in 
extra pennies and went off much quicker 
and lighter with many willing hands to 
help, in those days friendships were 
formed which bound people together and 
lasted all through life as closely as brother 
or sifter. Then if a neighbor was in 
trouble or sick everybody turned out and 
helped them in some way. Now people 
have no time to do this, and one can 
hardly get house help for love or money 
as the rule, unless perhaps a trained nurse 
who will ask more for a week than a poor 
man can almost earn in a month on a farm. 
While money is perhaps more plentiful now 
yet there are so many more ways to spend 
it that the common man on a farm who 
puts a dollar in the bank is an exception, 
unless he be the hired man and is of a 
saving disposition. Just a few miles be¬ 
yond one side of this circle nearly every 
farm in one section is owned by Jews, 
and in most cases these people are making 
good as farmers and are saving two dollars 
for every one that the average common 
native farmer is. They seem to make more 
milk in many cases on a poor farm than 
many natives I know do on much larger 
and better ones. They make money also 
on Summer boarders; one party I know of 
cleared $700 in one season. Another let 
his house for $50 a month and lived in the 
barn, and once ahead they gencraly stay 
there. Near the large cities the Italian 
people are buying up cheap places and en¬ 
gage in gardening, and as they work hard 
and the whole family pitch in and help they 
soon pay for the place and have money in 
the bank. They are strong in this line of 
work, and their competition is felt by 
the native gardeners to a great extent. In 
fact they are driving the natives out in 
some sections near Boston. Their line 
seems to be vegetable gardening, as they 
do not grow fruit to any extent, or run 
dairies or keep poultry. In this section 
“gentleman farming” is perhaps the lead¬ 
ing thing. Milk producing comes next, 
apple growing next, cranberry bogs next, 
vegetable gardening, and poultry farming 
last, and we have some successful neigh¬ 
bors in each of these lines. a. e. p. 
Ilonkinton. Mass. 
Lameness. 
I have a well-bred five-year old mare 
which seemed to favor off forward slightly, 
and on examination I found a small hard 
bunch two inches below knee inside, which 
horsemen tell me is a splint. Their treat¬ 
ment is painting with iodine, or four or five 
applications of spirits of turpentine at in¬ 
tervals of 3 days. I discovered it 10 days 
ago and she is now decidedly lame; no ten¬ 
derness on pressure and no fever. They 
tell me to use her, and that the lameness 
will pass off and the bunch may or may 
not remain permanently. I would like to 
know the exact nature of a splint, what 
happens, etc., and the cause and treat¬ 
ment. How soon may I look for the lame¬ 
ness to go away, and will the bunch re¬ 
main? She has a tendency to trot down 
hill, and has to be checked. Some time ago 
I carelessly allowed her to do so, and she 
made a mis-step, and although she finally 
got up on her feet it was, a close shave. 
No effect was noticed, but I am now won¬ 
dering if she then caused the splint. 
J. W. B. 
It Is quite likely that the splint Is the 
cause of the lameness. Splint lameness is 
most common in horses under five years old 
and it increases with exercise. The splint- 
lame horse starts off practically sound and 
quickly becomes lame, and the lameness in¬ 
creases as he trots. Splint is a bony 
growth (exostosis, or excrescence) which 
comes at one point or another along the 
small metacarpal or spilnt bone on each side 
knee. There is a splint bone on each side 
of the leg, just under the knee and toward 
the back of the cannon bone. Concussion 
leads to inflammation of the periosteum 
(bone skin), then bony substance is depos¬ 
ited and the “bunch” forms and remains. 
It may be reabsorbed, but usually it re¬ 
mains as a blemish which causes no trouble 
after a horse grows to maturity, unless the 
splint happens to bo close to the knee, or very 
large, so that it interferes with nerves or 
tendons, or diffuse, so that it becomes a 
prominent enlargement apt to be struck by 
the other foot, and that is sure to cause a 
fall or excessive lameness. The history of 
the case suggests that the wrench from a 
stumble injured the muscles of the under 
side of the shoulder. These muscles are at¬ 
tached to the ribs and may be so severely 
pulled upon that they fracture a rib. If 
that happens the horse stands and walks 
with the point of the elbow dropped several 
inches and can at first bear little weight 
upon the leg. Six months’ run on grass 
repairs the fracture. Treatment other than 
that does little or no good. If a splint is 
causing the lameness it should be blistered 
by the veterinarian, and whatever is done, a 
long rest is absolutely necessary to recov¬ 
ery. If the shoulder muscles are wrenched 
and the elbow is dropped downward turn 
the mare on grass and allow her a box stall 
when she is in the stable. No time should 
be lost in having a careful examination 
made by a graduate veterinarian, as one at 
a distance can only guess at conditions and 
causes possibly present. a. s. a. 
To cure a kicking cow pass a strap or 
rope around her forward of the udder, and 
back of bips. Draw it snug. I think there 
will be no trouble milking her. Another 
way is to take a rope some four feet long 
with a loop in the end, pass it around to 
foreleg above the gambrel; cross rope 
twice, then around other leg and tie. 
Ohio. e. p. 
Coring Self-sucking Cow.—I see an 
inquiry in a late issue for remedy to stop 
cow from milking herself. Take a com¬ 
mon bridle bit (joint in center), put. it on 
as on a horse, not too high in the mouth. 
She will soon eat as without it. and cannot 
suck with it on. e. p. 
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PATCH V 
In 14 Colors 
This Picture 
In 14 Colors 
To Hang 
In Your 
Home 
BEAUTIFUL PAINTING 
OF DAN PATCH 
Reproduced on Extra Heavy, Fine Enamel Stock and in 14 
Perfectly Blended Colors and Shadings by the Marvelous, 
Newly Invented “Original Colors” Process. Size of picture 
1 will send you is 21 x 25 inches, making a Splendid Picture 
to Hang in any Home or Office as it is Absolutely Free of 
any Advertising. It will be mailed, postage paid. 
Extra Heavy Mailing Tube to insure safe delivery . 
in an 
Free for Stockowners, Postage Prepaid 
Do You Expect To See The Day When These 
Wonderful Dan Patch Records Will Be Equalled ? 
Dan Patch 1:55 
1 Mile in 1:55 
1 Mile in .... 1:5554 
2 Miles in .... 1:56 
14 Miles Averaging - - - 1:5654 
30 Miles Averaging ... 1:5754 
45 Miles Averaging ... 1:58 
73 Miles Averaging ... 1:5954 
120 Miles Averaging ... 2:0254 
Dan Has Broken World Records 14 Times. 
Han Is also Leading 2:10 Sire of the W orld for his age. 
Sire of “Dazzle Patch” the Greatest Speed Marvel 
of the World’s History, which paced a half mile in 
fifty-nine seconds, and one-eighth of a mile In 
thirteen seconds, a 1:44 Clip, when only 28 months 
old, In 1911. Also Pearl Patch 4 year triul 2:04. 
Some of Dan’s Colts will be Champion Trotters as 
well ns Pacers. Why not Raise or Ruy One! 
This Splendid Paint¬ 
ing o£ Dan's Head was 
made from life and I 
want to Personally as¬ 
sure you that it is as 
Natural and Lifelike 
as if Dan stood right 
before you, in his Present 
Splendid Physical Condition, 
is an Elegant Picture 
for hanging in the Finest 
Home or Office. It is an exact and 
perfect Color Reproduction of the Finest 
Painting ever made of the Sensational and 
-“***"" World Famous Champion Stallion, Dan Patch 1:55. 
I think so much of this painting that I had it repro¬ 
duced in a beautiful Stained Art Glass Window in my Country 
Home. This picture will be a pleasure for you as long as you 
live because it shows DJn’s true expression of Kindness and 
his lovable Disposition as natural as life. You cannot buy a 
Picture like this because I Own The Painting and have reserved 
it Exclusively for this use. Would you like the Finest 14 Color, 
Horse Picture ever published in the world of the Fastest Har¬ 
ness Horse in all Horse History? People are Perfectly 
Delighted with this Splendid Picture and are constantly writing 
me, from all parts of the world, that it is the Finest they have 
ever seen and thousands of them are hanging in fine Homes and 
Offices. A Splendid, 14 Color Reproduction of Above Painting 
mailed Absolutely Free, To Farmers or Stockraisers OVER 21 
YEARS OF AGE, If You Own Stock and Answer Two Questions. 
Write Me Today, a Postal Card or Letter and Answer These 
Two Questions: 1st. How Many Head of Each Kind of Live 
For over 25 years I have been guaranteeing that "Interna¬ 
tional Stock Food" as a Tonic purifies the blood, aidsdigestion 
and assimilation so that every animal obtains more nutrition 
from all grain eaten and produces more nerve force, more 
strength and endurance. Over Two Million Farmers strongly 
endorse superior tonic qualities of “International Stock Food" 
for Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Hogs. It Always Saves Grain. 
Dan Patch 1:55 has eaten it Every Day, mixed with his grain, 
for over Eight Years, just as you eat the medicinal mustard, pep¬ 
per, salt, etc., mixed with your own food. Minor Heir 1:58% ; 
George Gano 2 : 02 ; Lady Maud C 2:00%, and Iledgewood Boy 
2:01, have eaten it Every Day for past Two to Four Years and 
they have all lowered their very low records during this time 
which is additional, indisputable proof that “International Stock 
Food" as a Tonic gives more speed .and more strength and 
more endurance because everybody thought these Five Horses 
had reached their speed limits before I got them. It will also 
keep your Work Horses fat and sleek and in Extra Strength to 
do More Farm Work or Heavy Hauling. It Alwavs Saves Grain. 
ASK MY DEALER IS YOUR (TTY FOR MY STOCK BOOK. 
International Stock Food is a high-class, medicinal, vegetable 
tonic and is equally good for All Kinds of Live Stock. I feed it 
every day on my 4 ‘International Stock Food Farm” of 700 
acres to my 200 Stallions, Champions, Brood Mares, Colts, 
Work Horses, etc. You can test 100 lbs. or 500 lbs. at my risk. 
Over 200,000 Dealers sell it on a Spot Cash Guarantee to refund 
money if it ever fails to give paying results. 
Its Feeding Cost Is only “3 FEEDS for OXE CENT.” 
Dan Patch Is the Great World Champion of all Champions 
that have ever lived. He Also Has 49 In Official Speed List. 
Stock and Poultry do you own? 2nd. In What Paper did you He has paced more Extremely Fast Miles than all the Combined 
see my offer? Picture will be mailed free to Stockowners. Miles of all the Pacers and Trotters In the World’s History. 
ANSWER TWO QUESTIONS FOR THIS SPLENDID PICTURE. I DO NOT BELIEVE YOU WOULD TAKE $10.00 for the 
Picture I will send you Free if you could not secure another copy. Write me at once and ANSWER QUESTIONS and the Beautiful 
Picture is yours FREE. Over Two Million Farmers and Stockowners have written me for a Dan Patch Picture. Address, 
M. W. SAVAGE - MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 
OR, INTERNATIONAL STOCK FOOD CO., Minneapolis 
