60 
THE RURAL* NEW-YORKEH 
January 13, 
EXPERIENCE WITH CREAM. 
On page 1202 I read with interest 
L. M.’s questions about churning, and 
C. S. M.’s reply, and would like to say 
a few words. All the surplus cream 
on my cream route is put into butter, 
and there is call for more, and such re¬ 
marks from my customers as “lovely 
butter,’’ “better than store butter,” and 
the like, lead me to think my butter is 
giving good satisfaction, and the method 
I use may be good for others to follow. 
At the present time I am churning 
cream from a mixed herd, that is from 
cows nearly fresh and cows that have 
been milked between one and two years, 
and 30 to 40 minutes brings the butter. 
The cream is kept in a cool place, and 
any new cream at the time of churning 
is added, which goes to show that there 
is no need of any long process of ripen¬ 
ing the cream. The cream is raised to 
58 degrees, and colored as desired, and 
is ready to churn. In no weather should 
any “lactic acid ferment” be used if you 
wish to make A. No. 1 butter, and even 
in Winter it is not necessary to bring 
the cream much above 60 degrees, as 
the butter will not be as good quality 
and solid. I have fed all kinds of feed, 
and consider “Fall feed” exceptionally 
good, and it has been my experience 
that cows well cared for and cream well 
handled, preferably run through the 
separator, will produce butter without 
any objectionable or “grassy” flavors. A 
great deal depends on having the right 
kind of a churn. If “L. M.” is running 
25 per cent cream, he cannot expect to 
get the butter as quickly as if he ran 
40 per cent cream. I should be glad to 
hear other people’s experience in butter 
making. c. s. b. 
AILING ANIMALS. 
Salt and Cows. 
One Sunday morning some weeks ago a 
farmer who had young cattle "pasturing 
out” on the farm next us salted the stock. 
No skit had been given, it seems, since 
they were turned out, but how much was 
given, or whether all the cattle—10 or 12— 
had a share, or only his own, does not 
seem quite clear. About three or four 
o’clock in the afternoon one of the heifers 
was found dead, two others sick. When I 
saw them they acted "drunk”—staggered, 
were stiff-legged, down on the knees, finally 
lurched over, and could not be urged to get 
up. They were uneasy, but not, apparently, 
in extreme pain, and both recovered. Some 
think it was the toxic effect of too much 
salt. The farmer alleges that nothing could 
have been in the pail, which was used 
daily for feeding the calves. I should like 
your opinion. chakles t. white. 
Salt in very large quantities may 
poison a cow; but it is not at all likely 
that the salt given as described had such 
an effect. As much as 10 to 12 ounces 
of salt is given safely as a purge, but 
usually it is combined with epsom salts 
(sulphate of magnesia). Cattle would 
be likely to scour badly if given too 
much salt. We strongly suspect that 
saltpeter may have been given in mis¬ 
take for salt. That might prove pois¬ 
onous; or possibly some other salt, such 
as a fertilizing salt was given. 
Disinfecting Stable. 
O. S. P., Winslow, Me .—How can a 
farmer best cleanse his stable after con¬ 
tagious abortion? Can it be done to make 
a thorough job of it and safe for a new 
lot? 
It will be very necessary to remove 
and burn all loose trash and board 
floors. These should be burned. Then 
better put in concrete floors. Saturate 
all parts of the stable with a 1-30 solu¬ 
tion of coal tar disinfectant, and after¬ 
ward apply fresh-made lime wash. 
Where floors and gutters cannot be re¬ 
moved they should be scrubbed, thor¬ 
oughly disinfected and then flooded 
with fresh-made lime wash containing 
a pound of chloride of lime to eacR 
three gallons of wash. This system of 
disinfection gives fair chance of im¬ 
munity, but nothing can be guaranteed. 
a. s. A. 
Thumps. 
I have some pigs five weeks old. About 
a week ago they were taken with a cough 
and in a few days they took to panting 
just as though they had been running. Now 
they will not eat and seem to keep growing 
weaker. They pant all the time. Can 
you tell me what ails them and what to 
do for them? d. e. o. 
Maine. 
This disease is due to overfeeding and 
lack of exercise and attacked pigs usually 
succumb or prove thriftless if they partially 
recover. Give them their freedom for ex¬ 
ercise. and feed on milk and limewater 
slightly thickened with middlings. Physic 
each affected pig with castor oil. 
A. s. A. 
Mare with Colic. 
We have lost a mare about 16 years 
old. When I went to the stable in the 
morning to feed her she would lie down, 
stand with her head down and stagger 
around; by 4 o’clock p. m. on the same 
day she was dead. She had been used 
but very little; had been feeding corn up 
to about 10 days before, then fed corn 
chops. I have heard of three or four 
horses that have died about the same way 
here. Is this disease catching? 
West Virginia. j. h. w. 
She had an attack of indigestion and 
possibly might have been saved by prompt 
administration of raw linseed oil, turpen¬ 
tine and laudanum or cannabis indica. 
Such cases sometimes come from strangu¬ 
lation or stoppage of the small intestine, 
and 'the affected part is found to be black 
or blood colored after death. a. s. a. 
Swollen Membranes. 
I have two cats apparently in good 
health who seem to be going blind; there 
is a black membrane closing over the 
lower corner of the eye (both eyes) next to 
the nose; on one cat it has covered about 
a quarter of the eyeball. The other one 
is not quite so bad. We have one other 
cat who does not seem to be affected yet. 
Can you tell me what the matter is and 
what to do for it? F. p. c. 
Massachusetts. 
The nictitating membrane from the inner 
corner of the eye is enlarged. Sometimes 
it forms into a tumor which has to be 
cut out. The condition may be associated 
with catarrh. Wash eyes twice daily with 
a 10 per cent solution of boric acid ap¬ 
plied with absorbent cotton. If this does 
not suffice paint the enlargement twice a 
week with a solution of one grain of 
nitrate of silver in half an ounce of dis¬ 
tilled water. a. s. a. 
Stifle Disease in Cow and Mare. 
1. We have a cow about two years old 
that about two years ago commenced get¬ 
ting lame in one hind leg. She gradually 
got worse, until I could notice an enlarge¬ 
ment of the stifle joint. She got so bad 
she could hardly get up, and when she 
walked I could hear a knocking sound as 
though the joint were slipping out and in 
the socket. She afterwards got better of 
her lameness, bu the joint remains enlarged. 
Last Spring the other hind leg became af¬ 
fected just in the same way, and she is 
now lame in both legs. This cow is a grade 
Jersey and has a good appetite and seems 
in fairly good health, although somewhat 
thin. We also have a Jersey yearling 
that became affected last Spring in her 
front legs. Her knees bow out. which 
makes her legs quite crooked, and while 
she does not appear lame she does not walk 
in a natural manner. 2. Besides this cow 
and heifer we have a six-year-old Percheron 
mare that has always been sound and in 
good health until this Summer, when she 
commenced getting lame in her right hind 
leg. I could discover nothing wrong with 
her leg but what appeared to be a slight 
enlargement of the cord below the hock. I 
kept rubbing this with liniment, but she 
got no better. I have discovered in the 
last few days that both her stifle joints are 
somewhat enlarged and hurt her if pressed 
with the fingers. I have been working this 
mare very little for two weeks, but I see 
she is still lame. It apparently hurts her 
to pull. This mare has always been well 
fed and has had, I think, reasonably good 
care. She seems to be affected somewhat 
like the cow _ mentioned, only not so badly 
yet. What is wrong with these animals, 
and is it some contagious disease? This 
mare has also had two attacks of sore eyes, 
one last Spring and one a year ago last 
Spring. I fear this is “moon blindness,” 
but I don’t know. Her eyes have not 
cleared up entirely this Summer, but she 
seems to see about as well as naturally. 
She is a mare that would have brought 
$300 last Spring if her eyes had been good. 
Would wintering her out in the light, say 
in an open shed, be any benefit to her 
eyes? And is “moon blindness" contagious? 
Pennsylvania. j. n. h. 
1. Better have both cows tested with 
tuberculin, as tuberculosis causes some 
6trange symptoms, and sometimes is the 
cause of mysterious lameness and distor¬ 
tions of the bones. Blistering the skin of 
lame cattle is not as simple as with horses, 
but it can be done and should be done in 
these cases. Better* employ a graduate vet¬ 
erinarian to do it, and he may decide to 
puncture fire the parts befeore blistering. 
But one stifle should be done at one time. 
2. "Moon blindness” (periodic ophthalmia) 
is incurable and by some considered con¬ 
tagious. It is more likely a hereditary dis¬ 
ease. Turning mare out in light wil'l not 
help. She would do better to have her eyes 
shaded and to occupy a darkened stable. 
The stifles of the mare will have to be 
blistered repeatedly or puncture-fired with a 
thermo-cautery and then blistered. The 
case is not promising. a. s. a. 
On page 1165 L. C. P. asks about cot¬ 
ton-seed meal. I feed it all the time and 
to everything from day old chicks to old 
chicks in the pen. I like it, and they 
seem to do better since feeding it. I never 
had as bright plumage as I have since 
using it. My feed is dry mash all the 
time and corn twice a day. For mash I 
use bran, 100 pounds; shorts, 100 pounds; 
eornmeal, 100 pounds; cotton-seed meal. 
100 pounds; salt, 20 pounds. I breed 
Anconas. f. h. h. 
Kellogg’s Landing, La. 
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