1012. 
THIS RURAL, NRW-YORKER 
SI 
SELECTING THE DAIRY BULL. 
Best Half of the Herd. 
Part III. 
We are now ready to select our first 
herd bull. He is to give us a daughter 
from every cow we own, but of course 
we place our hopes on his nicking— 
magic word—with our best cow. He is 
to perpetuate her good points and correct 
her defects; we wish to mate her with 
his dam. In buying him, we must weigh 
three visible things: his appearance, 
that of his dam and of his sire’s dam, 
and the general appearance of the herd 
in which he has been bred. I am al¬ 
most more inclined to lay greater stress 
on the last consideration than on the 
other two, because the causes which 
have been at work to produce a uni¬ 
form herd must be potent in each mem¬ 
ber of it. But more than any of these 
things, we must consider his pedigree; 
this is the infallible test of the forces 
which are concealed within his genera¬ 
tive powers. For while bulls are more 
or less individual in the legacy of quali¬ 
ties they bequeath, they are without 
fail the vehicles by which 30 other in¬ 
dividualities will struggle to reproduce 
themselves. Heredity is not a word to 
conjure with. It is a number of laws, 
not understood, acting with other laws 
of environment, and nutrition, also not 
understood. The most skilfull breeder 
is always drawing surprises. 
Years ago into St. Lambert, Canada, 
was imported a small herd of Jerseys, 
headed bv the bull Victor Hugo. Hugo’s 
daughters out of these imported cows 
were of course 50 per cent himself, in¬ 
cluding his 30 forbears. These one-half 
Hugo cows were bred to Stoke Pogis 
3d, a son of Stoke Pogis and Marjorum 
(both imported). Such harmony existed 
between the reproductive units of this 
bull and those of the daughters of Hugo 
that they all produced cows making 14 
pounds of butter upward. That is, Stoke 
Pogis 3d nicked perfectly with the Hugo 
blood. Subsequently Stoke Pogis 5th, 
full brother to Stoke Pogis 3d, was 
nicked with some of his nieces and 
grand-nieces with still more fortunate 
results. That is, mating like qualities 
intensifies the products. Thus, by se¬ 
lecting the best results of these inter¬ 
breedings and incorporating now and 
then a successful out-cross into the fam¬ 
ily, the American Jersey, with the St. 
Lamberts as the nucleus, gradually 
evolved. It is significant that the pecu¬ 
liarities of the original dams persisted 
downward along the line of their off¬ 
spring. 
Similarly J. P. Marett, on the Island 
of Jersey, had brought to uniformity a 
herd known as the Sultanes, descendants 
of Sultan F 58, a bull never beaten. 
They were energetic, nervous, somewhat 
long-legged as a race, with amazingly 
fine udders, that milked cleanly out to 
the empty skin. Mr. Marett, while de¬ 
veloping his own herd, which already 
contained the famous Sultan 7th, cast 
covetous eyes on a neighbor’s cow 
named Minerva. Since she was not to 
be purchased, he induced her owner to 
breed her to the bull Cicero. The agree¬ 
ment read that should Minerva have a 
son Mr. Marett would become his pur¬ 
chaser. This offspring was Count 
Cicero, whom Mr. Marett bred to his 
own cow Sultane 8th and to her dam 
Sultane 7th, obtaining the bulls Sultane's 
Favorite and Sultan Cicero. Sultan 
Cicero sired Golden Lass 4 out of the 
foundation cow Golden Lass, and Gol¬ 
den Lass 4 bred to Sultane’s Favorite 
became the mother of Golden Lad. The 
Golden Lad type comorises a perfect and 
very large udder, extremely full in 
front, with perfectly placed teats; in 
fact the very best dairy type in head, 
body and udder. The histories of these 
two herds fell into my hands 10 years 
or more ago. I got from them what I 
am certain is the key to all success in 
forming a profitable and homogeneous 
herd. Both herds are brought to a 
somewhat uniform type, the American 
by the use of Victor Hugo, the Island 
by the taste and skill of Mr. Marett, 
who had been breeding and selecting to¬ 
ward a type clear to his own mind for 
a long time, so very clear that Minerva 
was but one component of his ideal and 
Cicero but another. In the case of the 
American family, chance here takes the 
place of science. Stoke Pogis 3d was 
bought possibly on his mother’s merits, 
certainly not on his looks, and it was a 
chance nick in this case. But once dis¬ 
covered it was followed up in precisely 
the same way that Mr. Marett used his 
Cicero-Minerva bull. Both breeders be¬ 
gan interbreeding within the nicking 
lines, interbreeding and selecting. In 
the American family great nicking out- 
crosses brought in more opportunities 
for interbreeding. On the Island of Jer¬ 
sey similar out-crosses were incorporated 
into the Golden Lads and the Sul¬ 
tanes generally. Flow very plain it all 
becomes. One must first reduce the 
herd to uniformity by the use of a bull 
—vigorous in himself—and possessing a 
heredity converging to one single type. 
Then the first bull must be followed by 
a second, possessing the same qualities 
and a large proportion of common an¬ 
cestors. When the third bull becomes 
desirable he should be chosen from 
among blood lines already known to nick 
successfully with those of the now homo¬ 
geneous herd. That is, having chosen 
one’s type, one must stick to it and to the 
pedigree behind it. Great breeders may 
play with out-crosses and experiment 
with hybrids—for pleasure—but the safe 
and certain road to success is to buy 
other people’s successes and hold on to 
one’s own. 
It may easily happen that the first 
bull destined to produce from one’s best 
cow the farm paragon will not nick 
with her, and does give one from an in¬ 
ferior beast a calf very excellent in all 
respects. There are peculiarities about 
nicking that are unaccountable. When 
I had filled my barn with the daughters 
of El Dorado and Jersey Beau 4 I 
still possessed two St. Lamberts, both 
carrying exile blood. One of them-, 
Blanchcfleur, is rich, abundant and per¬ 
sistent in milk, fine in bone, and, accord¬ 
ing to the Exile type, very handsome. 
The dam of Owl’s Model Fox, the 
Owl’s Lassie, struck me at once as the 
complement in island type of Blanche- 
flettr. She was of the same color and 
size, carried an udder of similar size 
and proportion, with equally long teats, 
wide placed. Her eye was as I remember 
it of similar expression, large and bright. 
Both have wide hips, great body, thin 
withers, clean limbs, long thin tails. 
Surely here was the nick. But in the 
result Blanche’s first two daughters by 
Owl’s Model Fox were undoubted hy¬ 
brids, bringing out every defect of con¬ 
formation I desired to avoid. The first 
was evidently the daughter of Lassie, 
her qualities as a milker were undoubted, 
but the symmetry, the elegance of pro¬ 
portion was gone. On the other hand 
the bull. Interested Prince, seemed to 
reject all the objectionable St. Lambert 
points. His daughters out of Exile stock 
have handsome heads, level backs, 
straight rumps. He nicked. Owl’s 
Model Fox didn’t. But when the latter 
bull met Golden Lad the case reversed. 
Whether auburn or black-and-tan, his 
daughters retained the best of their dams, 
or else blended with his female forbears 
to produce animals finer than their 
mothers. Fie even recovered one definite 
type of a cow not known to me, a cow 
of soft red gold hair, fine as silk, splen¬ 
did hips and heart girth, and wide fore¬ 
head and muzzle in profile, her face 
recalling that of Model 2d, his sire’s 
dam. In watching his calves develop 
one after another, it seemed as if this 
was the type that came when dam and 
sire were at their best, and when the 
balance between them was true. Un¬ 
doubtedly the black-and-tans are equally 
fine milkers, but a good many of them 
are coarse and less symmetrical. As in 
other hybrids the female may reject the 
male type utterly or she may abandon 
her own, or the result, the usual result, 
may be a patchwork animal, withers of 
one, legs of the other, etc. 
FANNY MORRIS SMITH. 
Frozen Roots for Cows. 
Are sugar beets and mangels poisonous 
after freezing and thawing? I read in 
“Farm and Home” that they are, and will 
produce sudden death if fed to cattle. Would 
there be any danger if fed .in small 
amounts? I have about 17.1 bushels that 
were frozen this year. I had counted on 
feeding two bushels a day to six cows. 
Pennsylvania. c. v. s. 
Frozen mangels are reported to be pois, 
onous for swine, but I have seen them fell 
to cows without causing any damage. 1 
would not feed the mangels that were 
frozen badly, or after they start to decay 
from the effects of freezing, but when frozen 
they must be kept in that condition until 
just before they are required for feeding, 
and then thawed out and fed immediately 
Freezing, however, practically ruins man¬ 
gels for feeding purposes, and any attempt 
to feed them must result unsatisfactorily to 
say the least. c - s - G - 
Maggots in Sheep. 
Will you advise me how to rid a flock 
of sheep from red maggots? They are 
small, quick moving pests which infest 
the wool, causing much rubbing and dis¬ 
comfort to the animals. What causes them 
and do they inhabit the pens and must one 
spray to destroy them? M. E. D. 
New York. 
We fancy that you are mistaking lice 
for small maggots. Real maggots are due 
to blow-fly eggs deposited in Summer, and 
they usually are found when the wool has 
been soiled by manure or urine. When 
the weather will allow affected sheep should 
be dipped to get rid of whatever vermin is 
present; meanwhile free use of Persian or 
pyrethrum powder in the fleece may do 
some good. a. s. a. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply aud a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
. • O * 99 
Lactmabuisse 
(STV/SS LACTINA ) 
Manufactured in Vevoy, Switzerland, 
and Lyons, France. 
A complete diet for Calves, Lambs, Foals, 
young Pigs and otlier young animals. 
A sonnd food, based on scientific principles, ensur¬ 
ing right qualities of body, weight and reproductive 
properties. 
Above Comparison. Highest Awards for Merit. 
Twenty-seven Years of Success. 
Sole Wholesale Agent for United States and Canada 
JOHN H. LYNCH, 81 Fulton Street, New York 
Prices and Particulars on Application. 
'BEST BY TEST' 
nESMMm 
makes and burns its own gas. Costs 
2c. a week to operate. No dirt, 
grease nor odor. A pure white 
light, more brilliant than electricity 
or acetylene. None other so cheap 
or effective. Agents wanted. Write 
for catalogue and prices. 
THE BEST LIGHT CO. 
40IE. 5th Street, Canton, O- 
.GENTSJ 3 IG PROFITS 
DIRIGO SILOS 
are better and more durable than other 
silos because we use higher grade lumber, 
because they are of superior design and we 
furnish a GENUINE wood preservative. 
They cost less because we sell direct and 
save yon agents’ profits. SPECIAL DIS¬ 
COUNT for EARLY ORDERS. Post 
card will bring full information. 
STEVENS TANK & TOWER GO. 
AUBURN, MAINE 
Grind Your Feed 
It makes heavier, sleeker stock, as feed is always fresh 
and more nourishing. To do it most 
economically use 
Star Grinders 
Grind fastest—guaranteed one year. 
Grind your neighbors’ feed and earn 
cos t of machine. Special low prices. 
Send for free book and terms. 
THE STAR MANUFACTURING CO. 
13 Depot St., New Lexington, Ohio 
S top Buying Sweat Pads! 
Use Hameless Adjustable Collars, 
and keep your horses In working con- 
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to buy or Pads to bot her with. Fits 
any horse, indestructible, cheapest 
and best. Ask your dealer—take no 
other; if he does not keep them, send 
for on r catalog and introductory price. 
Agents Wanted. Write today. 
Johnston-SIocum Co., 813$ State St., Caro, Mich. 
Cheap Running Water Supply for Farm and 
Home. Costs nothing to operate—gives all year 
round running water supply to all parts of your 
home, barn, stables, troughs, etc. If you live 
near a spring or flowing stream install a 
NIAGARA HYDRAULIC RAM 
More comfort for your family—better for 
your stock—saves labor. Doesn’t need 
attention—-can’t get out of order. Prices 
really low. Free booklet. 
NIAGARA HYDRAULIC ENGINE CO 
1208 Filbert St., Phila., Pa. 
CAROLINA 
COAST 
COUNTRY 
The GULF STREAM 
LAND OF 
MILD WINTERS 
Thousands of Acres— Rich, Black 
Sandy Loam Soil; Virgin Farm 
Landsjronting on the ocean. A 
new country opened up 
by the completion of a 
large railway system. 
Nearby markets. Only twelve hours from New York. 
Low freight rates and quick transportation to the 
great Eastern cities. World’s finest climate; Sum¬ 
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Ample monthly rainfall. No irrigation necessary. Low 
priced farming lands. Monthly Excursions. 
Write for Free Colored Maps and Descriptive Litera¬ 
ture. Address W. W. CR0XT0N, G. P. A., Norfolk 
Southern R. R.. Dept. D, Norfolk, Virginia, 
Is An Apple Orchard Worthwhile? 
Not always; it depends on many 
things, in our new treatise we en¬ 
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RURAL LIFE CO., Kmiierhook, N. Y. 
The Only St roj>- 
por that Strops 
the Razor 
Diagonally. 
tinarantoodI 
for Life 
Brandt's paten tcxl Automatic Razor ] 
Stropper. Automatically puts 
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Write* quick for terms, prices and territory. 
C. 0. Brandt Cutlery Co., 88 W. It’nay, N. Y. 
D 
BALED ALFALFA HAY 
B Un»GT: & SOPTEK Cunastotn, N. Y 
F OR SALE— John Dorscli & Sons No. 60 Eight-Tooth 
All-Steel Ice Plow, 10 inch. List price is $35; good 
as new, $18. Harry B. Horst, R.D.3, Lebanon, Pa. 
Bees on the Farm 
“Gleanings in Bee 
Culture” will help 
you get more pleasure and more profit from Bee 
keeping. Six months’ trial subscription, 25c. 
Book on Bees and Catalog of Supplies sent free. 
THE A. I. ROOT COMPANY, Box 250, Medina, Ohio 
WANTFn~ Position as GENERAL MANA- 
T t ” I »-<Ly < 3 er private estate by man with 
twenty-five years’ experience; lias best of refer¬ 
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Ifl/ A MTC T1 Bor large farm in Westchester County, 
II nil I CU Y O U N G M A N having thorough 
knowledge horses and familiar with farm machin¬ 
ery (not required to handle cows). Prefer one 
never away from home'before. $30.00 month and 
board. Good chance for advancement. Particu¬ 
lars to B. B., care Rural New-Yorker. 
FARMER WANTEmft-SSs: 
for a farm near New York City. Must be ener¬ 
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grader; also have thorough knowlodge of farm 
crops, machinery, and understand the care and 
feeding of cattle. In reply state age, nationality, 
family, wages required, and references. 
Address M. M., care Rural New-Yorker. 
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in U.S.; also grain, potatoes, alfalfa, dairying. 
"ANSON 7 .. 
Write for list, etc. HV 
& SON, Hart, Mich. 
W ANTED— New England APPLE ORCHARD con¬ 
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HUDSON VALLEY FARMS ^"‘SS, 9 
orties in the Hudson River Valley for sale. Prices 
less than buildings are worth. Write for informa¬ 
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A BEAUTIFUL FARM £“ 
ing and trucking section in the world; fertile soil 
and fine climate; also a beautiful water front farm 
with timber. 
P. Woodcock, 
For full particulars address Samuel 
Salisbury, Wicomico County, Md. 
WANTED TO PURCHASE 
Gentleman’s Country Place 
Within three hours of New York City; small resi¬ 
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and at least fifty acres. Send full particulars. 
Address RETIRED, cure Rural New-Yorker 
SIX HUNDRED ACRES^TL 0 i7e s ,; 
rooms: horse barn, 30x40; gambrel roof basement 
barn, 40x60, with two “LV’ each 20x40, barn 40x60, 
barn 32x50, granary 30x40; hog house; running 
water to house and barn; 40Q acres tillable, the rest 
pasture, wood and timber; six acres apples, cher¬ 
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Four miles from three railroad towns. To quick 
buyer will include eight large work horses, gang 
plow, binder, mower, rake, corn shocker, lot of. 
registered Duroc hogs. AH for $10,500, part cash. 
HALL’S FARM AGENCY, Owego, Tioga Co., N.Y. 
Free-Farm Account Book 
KNOW HOW MUCH YOU MAKE THIS YEAR 
No one shall pay a cent for Blckmoro's Farm Account Book. Mr. Farmer, simply send us your name and 
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Not a cheap affair. Its quality Is in keeping with 
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BICKMORE CALL CURE CO. 
Box 28G0, Old Town, Maine 
A Easy For The Boy 
A LOUDEN LITTER CARRIER changes barn 
drudgery into child’s play. With powerful worm gear 
(an exclusive Louden feature) 1 pound pull on the chain 
lilts 40 pounds in box—a boy can hoist half a ton. 
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where put; can’t fall. Fill the box, raise it and give it a shove. It carries 
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The Louden Way Cleanliness. 
Economy and Profit in the barn. Our 40 years experience 
in fitting barns is at your service for the asking. Have your dealer send 
us rough ground plan of your barn and We will send you price. 
We make full line of stalls and stanchions, hay tools 
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Write for catalog of Barn Equipment and valuable book on manure uses. 
Louden Machinery Co. 
601 Broadway, 
Fairfield, Iowa, 
